Izinkolo ZamaKristu ZikaNkulunkulu

Inombolo 170

Indima Yesiyalo Sesine Ezinkolweni Zomlando ZikaNkulunkulu Ezigcina ISabatha

(Uhlelo 4.5 19960622-20000122-20090128 -20100715-20250728)

Kucatshangwa kalula yamabandla agcina uSabatha eminyakeni eyikhulu emibili edlule ukuthi isihloko esiyinhloko nomqondo wokuhlonza ubuKristu kwakunguSabatha nokuthi amabandla kuyo yonke imbali abebhekana nokuhlukunyezwa ngenxa yokuzinikela kwawo kuSabatha. Lesi simo, okungenani, siyiqiniso ingxenye kuphela futhi okubi kakhulu sifihla izici eziyisisekelo zangempela zenkolo eyayihlukunyezwa ngayo iSonto likaNkulunkulu kanye nalezo ezinye lezi zimpawu ezibonisa abakhethiweyo futhi ezazisetshenziselwa ukuwahlukanisa nabokuhlukunyezwa emphakathini ngesikhathi sokuhlukunyezwa okwaziwa ngokuthi ama-Inquisition.

Amabandla Amakristu kaNakulunkulu

PO Box 369, WODEN ACT 2606, AUSTRALIA

Imeyili: secretary@ccg.org

(Ilungelo lobunikazi © 1996, 1998, 2000, 2009, 2010, 2025 Wade Cox)

(tr. 2026)

Leli phepha lingakopishwa futhi lisatshalaliswe ngokukhululekile inqobo nje uma likopishwa lonke ngaphandle kokuguqulwa noma ukususwa. Igama lomshicileli nekheli kanye nesaziso samalungelo obunikazi kumele kufakwe. Akukho mali ekhokhwayo kubamukeli bamakhophi asatshalaliswayo. Izisho ezimfushane zingafakwa ezindatshaneni zokugxeka nasezibuyekezweni ngaphandle kokwephula ilungelo lobunikazi.

Leli phepha litholakala ekhasini le-World Wide Web:

http://www.logon.org kanye ne- http://www.ccg.org

Indima Yomthetho Wesine Ezikhungweni ZobuKristu ZikaNkulunkulu Ezigcine ISabatha Emlandweni

Isingeniso

Emphepheni ethi Ukusatshalaliswa Okujwayelekile Kwezikhungo ZobuKristu Ezigcine ISabatha (No. 122) kwavezwa ukuthi bekukhona uchungechunge oluqhubekayo lwezikhungo zobuKristu ezigcine iSabatha kulo lonke umlando, ezaziphikisana cishe njalo futhi zihlukunyezwa yisistimu eyinhloko yezinkolo.

Kucatshangwa kalula yizinkolo ezigcina uSonto eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili edlule ukuthi udaba oluyinhloko nomqondo wokuhlonza lolu hlelo kwakuwusuku lweSonto nokuthi lezi zinkolo zashushiswa ngenxa yokuzibophezela kwazo kusuku lweSonto. Lesi simo, okungenani, siyiqiniso ingxenye kuphela, kanti okubi kakhulu sifihla izici eziyisisekelo zenkolo eyashushiswa ngayo iSonto likaNkulunkulu, futhi lezo zici ziyizimpawu ezingezinye zabakhethiweyo. Kuzobonakala kule phepha ukuthi empeleni kunochungechunge lwezimpawu ezibonisa abakhethiweyo futhi ezazisetshenziselwa ukuwahlukanisa nokubakhipha emphakathini phakathi nezikhathi zokuhlukunyezwa okwaziwa ngokuthi ama-Inquisition. Uhlelo oluyinhloko lwe-Orthodox lwasebenzisa izimpawu eziningi zokholo ukuze luthola ulwazi nobufakazi obumelene nabakhethiweyo ngenhloso yokubabhubhisa.

Amabandla kaNkulunkulu ekhulwini lama-20 enze iphutha eliyisisekelo lokucabanga ukuthi lokho abakuqondayo bekungcono noma kuphelele kunokuqonda kwamabandla ezikhathini ezedlule. Lokho empeleni kwaba yimbangela yokubhujiswa kwamabandla asemva kwesikhathi futhi kwaqhamuka ekungazini kwabo izimfundiso zamabandla okuqala nasekusebenziseni kwabo imfundiso yenkolo yabo. Empeleni kuyiqiniso ukuthi izikhathi zangemva zavezile zonke izimpawu zombili zezinhlelo zaseSardis naseLaodicea (IsAmb. 3:1-6,14-22)Ngaleyo mfucumfucu kuzovela uhlelo lwangempela lwamaFiladelfiya (IsAmb. 3:7-13) olunamandla ambalwa kodwa oluthembekile emiyalweni kaNkulunkulu nasebufakazini bukaJesu Kristu (IsAmb. 12:17; 14:12).

Ibhayibheli lithi ngempela yiziphi izimpawu zabakhethiweyo futhi iSabatha idlala yiphi indima kule nqubo yokuhlonza?ISabatha njengesinye sezimpawu zeSonto

ISabatha yomyalelo wesine. Ihlolwe ngokuningiliziwe embhalweni othi Umthetho Nomyalelo Wesine (No. 256); bheka futhi ISabatha (No. 031). Itholakala ku-Eksoda 20:8,10,11; kanye neDuteronomi 5:12.

ISabatha ibhalwe njengophawu lwabantu bakaNkulunkulu.Kuyisibonakaliso phakathi kwethu noNkulunkulu osenza sihlatshwe.

I-Eksoda 31:12-14 INKOSI yathi kuMose, isithi, 13 Wena khuluma nasezinganeni zaka-Israyeli, uthi, Ngiqinisile, nigcine izinsuku zami zesabatha; ngokuba yisibonakaliso phakathi kwami nani ezizukulwaneni zenu zonke; ukuze nazi ukuthi mina nginguJehova ongingcwelisa. 14 Ngakho-ke nizogcina insuku yesabatha; ngokuba ingcwele kini:wonke umuntu owuyingcolisayo ngempela uyobulawa; ngoba noma ubani owenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi ngaphakathi kwawo, lowo muntu uyokwehlukaniswa nabantu bakhe. (KJV)

Kuvame ukucatshangwa ngokungalungile ukuthi amaSabatha akhulunywa ngawo lapha awuwona nje amaSabatha amaningi eSabatha elilodwa lasontweni. Lokho akulona iqiniso. AmaSabatha andiselwa kuwo wonke umkhakha wokukhonza phakathi kwezinsuku ezingcwele ezibhalwe njengeSabatha zikaNkulunkulu.

Ukubulawa ngokomoya.

ISabatha ayisona isibonakaliso seBandla kuphela. Futhi isibonakaliso sabantu besivumelwano abangakabizwa eBandleni. Ukube bekuyisibonakaliso sabakhethiweyo, uJudaismu bekuzoba yingxenye yokuvuka kokuqala, okungekho njalo.Ezinye izimpawu zabakhethiweyoIsibonakaliso sesibili yiPhasika neMkhosi Wesinkwa Esingenamvubelo.

I-Eksodus 13:9-16 Futhi kuyoba uphawu kuwe esandleni sakho,futhi kube isikhumbuzo phakathi kwamehlo akho, ukuze umthetho kaJehova ube emlonyeni wakho; ngoba uJehova wakhipha ngesandla esinamandla eGibithe. 10Ngakho-ke uzogcina lo mthetho ngesikhathi sawo unyaka nonyaka. 11Futhi kuzokwenzeka ukuthi lapho uJehova ekungenisa ezweni lamaKhanani, njengoba wafunga kuwe nakubokhokho bakho, futhi uzokunika, 12Ukuze uhlukanisele iNkosi konke okuvulayo isibelethiso, nazo zonke izimvu eziyizimvu ezivela kunoma yiluphi udaba onalo; amadoda azoba eNkosi. 13 Futhi wonke umhlane wembila uyokhokha ngembuzi; kodwa uma ungawukhokhi, khona-ke wophula intamo yakhe; futhi wonke umntwana wokuqala phakathi kwezingane zakho uyokhokha. 14 Futhi lapho indodana yakho ikubuza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isithi,Lokhu kusho ukuthini? uzomtshela ukuthi, Ngezandla ezinamandla iNkosi yasikhulula eGibhithe, endlini yobugqila. 15 Kwathi lapho uFaro engasifuni ukusivumela ukuba sihambe, iNkosi yabulala zonke izingane zokuqala ezweni laseGibhithe, kokubili izingane zokuqala zabantu nezingane zokuqala zezilwane; ngakho nginikela eNkosini konke okuvulayo isibelethiso, okungamadoda; kodwa zonke izinsizwa ezivulela umthambo wami ngiyazikhulula. 16 Futhi lokhu kuyoba uphawu esandleni sakho, nophawu phakathi kwamehlo akho; ngokuba ngamandla esandla iNkosi yasikhulula eGibithe. (KJV)

IPhasika nesinkwa esingenasivuno kuyizimpawu zesibili zabantu besivumelwano. Lokhu kwandiswa komyalo wesine (njengoba sibonile ngenhla) kuwukubeka uphawu lwemithetho kaNkulunkulu ezenzweni zethu (ezandleni) nasezingqondweni zethu (ebunzi, phakathi kwamehlo). Kuyisibonakaliso somthetho weNkosi (Duteronomi 6:8) nesokusindiswa kwayo kuka-Israyeli (Duteronomi 6:10). Kusukela eTestamenteni Elisha, lesi simo sandiswa nakumaGentayili abaseKhristu (Roma 9:6; 11:25-26). Ukuqonda iPasika ezindlini zamaBandla kaNkulunkulu ngekhulu lama-20 kube yiphutha elikhulu.Kucatshangwa ngokuphelele ukuthi amaJuda ayephutha nokuthi iPhasika yayingobusuku lwe-14 kuNisan, kanti Ubusuku Obuzokhunjulwa Kakhulu bube ngolwe-15, nokuthi amaJuda babubiza ngokungalungile ngokuthi iPhasika. Lokhu sekuphenywe ngokuningiliziwe futhi yonke ingqalasizinda yezisekelo ezingamanga lapho kusekelwe khona ihlolwe ku-Annex yephepha elithi The Passover (No. 098).

Lezi zimpawu zomthetho, uSabatha nePhasika, zakhelwe ngokukhethekile ukuvikela ekukhonzweni kwezithombe (Deuteronomi 11:6). Lezi zimpawu ezimbili ziyisiginesha esandleni nasebusweni babakhethiweyo boJehova. Ngomoya oNgcwele zenza isisekelo sokubhiyozelwa eSambulweni 7:3 ezinsukwini zokugcina. Isimpawu sabakhethiweyo ngaleyo ndlela sigxile kumyalo wokuqala. UKristu wathi: "Kumele ukhonze uJehova uNkulunkulu wakho, futhi ngaye kuphela okumele umkhonze" (noma umkhonze) (Mat. 4:10; Lk. 4:8). Inkonzo kuwukukhonza ngokweBhayibheli.

Usuku Lokuxolelwa Kwezono ngomunye uphawu lwabantu besivumelwano. Ukungagcini Usuku Lokuxolelwa Kwezono kuyahlawuliswa ngokususwa kubantu bomuntu; ngamanye amazwi, emzimbeni wesivumelwano wase-Israyeli okuyiSonto (Lev. 23:29) .

Isibonakaliso sokuqala nesiyinhloko sabantu besivumelwano kwakuwukusikwa (Gen 17:14). Lesi sashintshwa saba isimo sokubhapathizwa (bona iphepha Isivumelwano SikaNkulunkulu (No. 152)).

Ukubhapathizwa eMoyeni Oyingcwele-ke, yisibonakaliso esiyinhloko sabakhethiweyo ngogazi lukaJesu Kristu emzimbeni owodwa (Mat. 28:19; Izenzo 1:5; 11:16; Roma 6:3; 1 Kor. 12:13; Heb. 9:11-28).

Isikhundla semfundiso esivamile seSonto

Imfundiso evamile yabakhethiweyo ingabonakala kusukela ezikhathini zakuqala. Esiseduze esingafinyelela kuso kumphostoli uJohane kungokubhala kwabafundi uPolycarp no-Irenaeus. Umbono wokuqala wukuthi iBhayibheli kanye nebandla leTestamente Elisha babe nombono ohlukile ngobunkulunkulu obuvele buhambisana iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili.

Isizinda sekholo labo kwakuyimfundiso yabo ngoNkulunkulu. ISabatha, Izinyanga Ezintsha nemikhosi kwakuyizici ezihlukile zokukhonza lowo Nkulunkulu.Lokhu kwahambisana nokulandela imithetho yokudla ngokujwayelekile noma ngokubanzi (bona futhi iphepha Elithi Imithetho Yokudla (No. 015)). Ngakho-ke iSabatha kanye nazo zonke izinto ezaziphuma kuyo kwakuyisibonakaliso sokukhonza uNkulunkulu oyedwa wangempela (Johane 17:3). Lo Nkulunkulu, u-Eloah, wayefana ngqo nalowo owawugujwa nguJuda futhi owavezwa eTestamenteni Elidala. Ebandleni lasendulo, iBhayibheli kwakuyiTestamente Elidala eyachazwa futhi yachazwa yiTestamente Elisha (bona iphepha elithi IBhayibheli (No. 164)).Imfundiso zokuqala zebandla mayelana noNkulunkulu sezihlolwe emibhalweni ethi ITheoloji Yokuqala Yobunkulunkulu (No. 127), Ngokungafi (No. 165), Ubunkulunkulu bukaKristu (No. 147), Umthetho Wokuqala: Isono SikaSathane (No. 153) kanye Nokuba Nesisimo Esifanayo Nobaba (No. 081).

Isisekelo seBhayibheli semfundiso evamile

Isisekelo seBhayibheli semfundiso evamile sigxile kumyalo wokuqala nowukhulu (bheka iphepha Umyalo Wokuqala Nowukhulu (No. 252). Ngale ndlela sibona ukuthi umyalo wesine uwumkhakha wesine kuphela wesakhiwo esikhulu. Izinsuku zokuphumula nezinsuku ezingcwele ziyizakhiwo ezingaphansi komyalo wesine futhi zixhumene neminye imiyalo.Lokhu kuhlolwe kuSitatimende Sokholo LobuKristu (No. A1).

Ibandla lizibophezele ekugcineni Kwemiyalo Eyishumi njengoba kutholakala ku-Eksoda 20:1-17 naseDuteronomi 5:6-21.

Umthetho wokuqala uthi:

Mina nginguJehova uNkulunkulu wakho, ongikhiphile ezweni laseGibhithe, endlini yobugqila. Awunayo enye inkosi ngaphambi kwami.

UNkulunkulu uBaba unguye uNkulunkulu oyedwa wangempela (Johane 17:3) futhi akekho u-elohim ongaphambi kwakhe noma ofana naye. Akuvunyelwe ukukhonza noma ukuthandaza kunoma iyiphi enye into, kuhlanganise noJesu Kristu.

Umyalo wesibili uthi:

Ungazenzeli isithombe esibunjiwe, noma yisiphi isithombe salo noma yini esezulwini ngenhla, noma esemhlabeni ngaphansi, noma esemanzini ngaphansi komhlaba;Awuzibheke phansi kubo noma ubakhonze; ngoba mina, iNkosi uNkulunkulu wakho, ngingunkulunkulu onomona, ngivakashela isono sabokhokho ezinganeni kuze kubeisizukulwane sesithathu nesesine salabo abangizonda, kodwa ngibonisa uzwelo olungapheli kulabo abangithandayo nabagcina imiyalo yami.

Ngakho-ke akuvunyelwe ukwenza izithombe noma izifanekiso nganoma yiluphi uhlobo ukuze zisetshenziswe ekukhonzweni kwenkolelo noma ekusetshenzisweni kwezimpawu. Isiphambano (i-crucifix) siphinde sivinjwe ebandleni njengophawu. Imiyalo uqobo iyisici sokuhlonza uhlelo lwenkolo futhi zonke zifakwe ngokuqinile.

Umyalo wesithathu ithi:

Ungasebenzisi igama leNkosi uNkulunkulu wakho ngokungafanele; ngokuba iNkosi ngeke ithole engenacala lowo usebenzisa igama layo ngokungafanele.

Igama leNkosi uNkulunkulu linikeza igunya, ngakho-ke lo mthetho awubhekani nje kuphela nokuhlambalaza okulula kodwa landa ekusetshenzisweni kabi kwegunya leSonto nakubo bonke abathi benza ngokuyala kukaNkulunkulu ngoJesu Kristu.

Umyalo wesine ithi:

Khumbula usuku lwesabatha, ulugcine lungcwele. Izinsuku eziyisithupha uzosebenza, wenze yonke imisebenzi yakho; kodwa usuku lwesikhombisa luyisabatha eNkosini uNkulunkulu wakho; ngalo awusoze wenze msebenzi, wena noma indodana yakho noma indodakazi yakho, noma umqashi wakho wesilisa noma umqashi wakho wesifazane, noma izinkomo zakho, noma umhlali ofika phakathi kwezango zakho; ngokuba ezinsukwini eziyisithupha iNkosi yenza izulu nomhlaba, ulwandle, futhi waphumula ngosuku lwesikhombisa; ngakho-ke iNkosi yasibusisa usuku lwesabatha yayingcwalisile.Isabatha sosuku lwesikhombisa ngaleyo ndlela siyimpoqo ekukholweni.

Akekho umKristu ongakhonza uNkulunkulu aphinde ahluleke ukuhlonipha iSabatha, eyaziwa kukhalenda yanamuhla njengeMgqibelo. Ukusungulwa kosuku lokunye lokukhonza ngaphandle kosuku lwesikhombisa akugcini ngokwephula lo myalo kuphela kodwa kuba yisibonakaliso sobufakazi bokuthandaza izithombe ngoba kungaphandle kwentando ecacile kaNkulunkulu.Kuyisenzo sokuvukela ngakho-ke kufana nobuthakathi (1 Samuweli 15:23). Xhumene nomyalo wesibili, oqinisa owesine, kuba ukuthandaza ezithixweni. Ukusungulwa kwekhalenda elungisa isonto ngokujikeleza kunomphumela ofanayo.Le miyalo emine yokuqala imisela ubudlelwano bomuntu noNkulunkulu futhi iyahlotshaniswa ngaphansi kwesihloko sokuqala nesikhulu somthetho, okungukuthi:uzothanda iNkosi uNkulunkulu wakho ngenhliziyo yakho yonke, nangomphefumulo wakho wonke, nangokuqonda kwakho konke, (nangamandla akho onke; Marku 12:30). Lo ngumyalo omkhulu nowokuqala (Mathewu 22:37-38).

Ukuzihlanganisa ngokuphelele noNkulunkulu kuvela ekuzinikeleni ngokwethembeka kule miyalo nasekugwemeni noma yisiphi isenzo esingaphazamisa le miyalo.

Isiyalo sesine-ke ngesinye sochungechunge lwezine eziyingxenye yesiyalo sokuqala esikhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngomlomo kaJesu Kristu, uNkulunkulu uBaba ungumgogodla futhi iyinhloko nenjongo yokholo (Mat. 22:37-38; Mk. 12:30; IsAmb. 1:8).Ulwazi ngoNkulunkulu oyedwa wangempela kanye noNdodana yakhe uJesu Kristu, lowo amthumile, lubalulekile ekutholeni ukuphila okuphakade (Joh. 17:3; 1 Joh. 5:20). Isiyalezo sesine-ke asiyona inhloso ngokwaso kodwa siyisibonakaliso esiyinhloko sabakhethiweyo kanye neqiniso lokulalela kwabo kuNkulunkulu.

Isiyalezo sesine siyanda ukubandakanya yonke inqubo yokukhonza kweBhayibheli kweNyanga Entsha, Izinkathi Zokugubha Nezinsuku Ezihlatshelwe kanye nokunikela ingxenye yesishiyagalolunye (bona iphepha Elithi Ingxenye Yesishiyagalolunye (No. 161)) kuhlobene nohlelo lwezithelo zokuqala neMivuno Yesivumelwano (bona futhi iphepha Elithi Isivumelwano SikaNkulunkulu (No. 152)).

Sesibonile imiphumela yezinyanga ezintsha kukhalenda likaNkulunkulu (bona iphepha Elithi Ikhalenda LikaNkulunkulu(No. 156)). Izinyanga Ezintsha nemikhosi zihlangene zakha isakhiwo soMbuso kaNkulunkulu. ISanhedrin, ngendlela efanayo neThempeli elibonakalayo kanye nobuphristi bayo, kwakuyisithombe sesistimu yezulu (Heb. 8:5). Nokho, sinethabathu lapho labo abasebenzela ententeni (noma esakhiweni esibonakalayo) bengenaso ilungelo lokudla kuyo (Heb. 13:10). Ngakho-ke asinalo idolobha elihlala njalo elibonakalayo kodwa sifuna idolobha elizayo. Ngendlela efanayo izihlatshelo ezitshiswa ngaphandle kwedolobha, uKristu naye wahlatshelwa ngaphandle kwedolobha, ngakho-ke siphuma ngaphandle kwenkampu ukuze sibekezelele ukuhlukunyezwa okufana nalokho ayekubekezelela(Heb. 13:12-13).

Ngakho-ke sibheka isibonelo sabafowethu basendulo ukuze sibone ababekezelela ini nokuthi babahlawuliswa ngani. Izimfundiso zebandla lasendulo zibonakala zihambisana kahle uma sikwazi ukuhlukanisa iqiniso nokupropaganda kohlelo oluyinhloko.

Ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zingxenye ezihlukile ezimfundisweni zamabandla okuqala

Ibandla lasendulo laliyi-Unitarian kuphela. AmaGnostic namaModalists abhekwa njengengaphandle kweBandla.Akukho bufakazi nhlobo bokuthi uKristu noma abaphostoli noma abafundi babo babeyibo amaBinitari noma amaThrinitari. Empeleni, kunobufakazi obucacile bokuthi imfundiso yeThathu (iTrinity) yathuthukiswa isuka kuBinitariyane eyayitholakala kubo ababizwa ngamaKristu ekhulwini lesine. Isikhundla seThrinitari, kanye nesikhundla sayo sangaphambilini esingahlangene, iBinitariyane, asizange sithathwe yibandla eligcina uSonto kuze kube yilolo suku noma ngempela kuze kube sekulungisweni kwezenkolo (Reformation) emuva kweminyaka eyikhulu eyishumi nanye.I-Binitarianism, ngempela, yavela ku-Modalism okuyimfundiso yabakhonzi bokholo u-Attis eRoma (bheka iphepha Imvelaphi kaKhisimusi nePhasika (No. 235)).

Ubufakazi Okuvela Emlandweni Nokuhlukunyezwa KweSonto

ISonto lasendulo

Siyazi ngokubhala kuka-Irenaeus (nangokukaPolycarp owayengumfundi wakhe) ukuthi yena nebandla babengama-Unitarian ngokuyinhloko futhi bakholelwa ukuthi uKristu wabekwa njenge-elohim nokuthi abakhethiweyo babeyoba ama-elohim njengalokhu uKristu ayekhona noNkulunkulu. Bakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu kuphela owayekhona phakade futhi wayengenalutho olulingana naye ngokwezikhathi. Lokhu kuthathwe kuZekariya 12:8 futhi kutholakala encwadini ethi Against Heresies.

U-Irenaeus uthi ngoNkulunkulu (Against Heresies, III, viii, 3):

Ngokuba wayala, kwadala; wakhuluma, kwaba khona. Ngakho-ke wayalela bani? IZwi, ngokungangabazi, ngaye, kusho yena, amazulu asekelwe, nazo zonke izimikhuba yazo ngomoya womlomo wakhe [IHubo 33:6. U-Irenaeus wayekholelwa ukuthi:

kufakazeka ngokusobala ukuthi akekho kubaprofethi noma kwizithunywa ezake zabiza enye uNkulunkulu, noma zimchaze njengoNkosi, ngaphandle koNkulunkulu wangempela nowodwa....Kodwa izinto ezimiswe ziyahlukana nalowo ozimisile, nezinto ezenziwe ziyahlukana nalowo ozidalile. Ngokuba Yena uqobo akadalwanga, akanaso isiqalo noma isiphetho, futhi akanankinga. Yena uqobo uyazanelisa; futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, unika bonke abanye lokhu, ukuba khona; kodwa izinto ezenziwe ngaye (ibid.).

U-Irenaeus wandisa ikhono lokuba uNkulunkulu (theos noma elohim) kuLogos lapha njengokwehlukile kwezinye izinto ezimiswe (ibid.). Wayesevele emisile isikhundla sikaNkulunkulu noNdodana nalabo bokwamukelwa njengama-theoi noma ama-elohim kanye nabo bonke amadodana kaNkulunkulu kusukela eNcwadini III, Isahluko vi.

Ngakho-ke, iNkosi, noma uMoya Oyingcwele, noma abaphostoli, bebengasoze babiza ngokuthi uNkulunkulu, ngokuqinisekile nangokuphelele, lowo ongenguNkulunkulu, ngaphandle kokuthi wayenguNkulunkulu ngempela; futhi bebengasoze babize muntu ngokwakhe njengeNkosi, ngaphandle kukaNkulunkulu uBaba ophethe konke,kanye noNdodana wakhe owamukele ubukhosi kuBaba wakhe phezu kwazo zonke izidalwa, njengoba lesi sigaba sisho: INkosi ithi enkosini yami, Hlala ngakwesokudla kwami, kuze ngenze izitha zakho zibe isihlalo seenyawo zakho [Hubo 110:1]. Lapha i[Skripthi] libonisa uBaba ekhuluma noNdodana; lowo owamnika ifa labantu bezizwe, wamenza izitha zakhe zonke zibe ngaphansi kwakhe...

U-Irenaeus waqhubeka wathi uMoya oNgcwele ubiza bobabili uBaba noNdodana lapha ngokuthi iNkosi. Waphikisa ukuthi uKristu wayekhuluma no-Abrahama ngaphambi kokubhujiswa kwamaSodoma futhi wayethola amandla [kuNkulunkulu] okuwahlulela amaSodoma ngenxa yokubi kwawo. Futhi lokhu [umbhalo okulandelayo]:

kuyaveza iqiniso elifanayo:"Isihlalo sakho sobukhosi, Nkulunkulu, singunaphakade nanaphakade; umbambo wobukhosi bakho uwumbambo oluqotho. Wathanda ubulungisa wazonda ububi; ngakho-ke, Nkulunkulu, uNkulunkulu wakho ukugcobile" [IHubo 45:6] Ngoba uMoya ubiza bobabili ngenhla kwegama likaNkulunkulu [theos noma elohim] - bobabili lowo ogcobiwe njengoNdodana nalowo ogcoba, okungukuthi uBaba. Futhi futhi: "UNkulunkulu wema phakathi kwesinagoge yezinkulunkulu, uyahlulela phakathi kwezinkulunkulu"[IHubo 82:1]. Lapha ubhekisela kuBaba nendodana nakulabo abamukele ukwamukelwa; kodwa laba yibandla ngoba liyisinagoge sikaNkulunkulu, eyihlanganiswe nguNkulunkulu – okungukuthi iNdodana uqobo – lowo ayiphinde akhulume ngaye: "UNkulunkulu wabantu abangunkulunkulu, iNkosi ikhulume, yabiza umhlaba." [IHubo 50:1]. Ubhekisela kubani lapho ethi uNkulunkulu? Kuye lowo athi, "UNkulunkulu uzofika evelele, uNkulunkulu wethu, futhi angeke athule;" [IHubo 50:3] okungukuthi, uNdodana owafika wabonakala kubantu, owathi, "Ngibonakale obala kulabo abangangifunanga" [Isaya 65:1]. Kodwa ngobani onkulunkulu [akakhuluma]? [Ngabo] abathi kubo, "Ngithi, Niyizinkulunkulu, nina nonke bengamakhwenkwe eNkosi ePhakeme" [IHubo 82:6]. Kulabo, ngokungangabazi, abamukele umusa wokwamukelwa, ngalokho sikhala sithi Abba, Baba [Roma 8:15](Against Heresies, Bk. III, Ch. vi, ANF, Vol. I, amakhasi 418-419).

Akungabazeki ukuthi u-Irenaeus wayenombono wokubekwa ngaphansi kobunkulunkulu futhi wandisa igama elithi uNkulunkulu (njenge-theoi noma i-elohim) ukuze libandakanye uNdodana kanye nalabo abamukelwe njengabantwana bakaNkulunkulu.Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kutholwe okungenani kuZekariya 12:8. Kubonakala sengathi lapha ubonisa ukuthi uKristu waqoqa abakhethiweyo, kanti thina siyazi eBhayibhelini ukuthi nguNkulunkulu onika abakhethiweyo kuKristu ukuze baqoqwe (Johane 17:11-12; Heb. 2:13; 9:15). Ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sigama kuphela kubakhethiweyo ngokomzimba kungase kungalungile ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kuka-Irenaeus lapha. Iqembu elithembekile nalo lifakwe emhlanganweni ngokokuqonda okutholakala ku-IsAmbulo 4 no-5. Ngakho-ke iqembu elithembekile liyingqungquthela kaNkulunkulu.

Lezi zikhundla zihlolwe emaphepheni ethi Early Theology of the Godhead (No. 127) kanye ne-On Immortality (No. 165). Kubalulekile futhi ukuqonda ukuthi umfundiso wokungafi kwomphefumulo wawubhekwa njengomfundiso ongenankolo futhi ophikisayo. Lombono wawugcinwa kuze kube sekutheni ngisho lapho ukukhonza ngeSonto kwaqala ukuphazamisa ibandla, njengoba kwenzeka kusenesikhathi ngo-150 CE, ngobufakazi bukaJustin Martyr, sasibona ukuthi izimfundiso zobunkulunkulu nokuvuka kwabafileyo zazisemqoka futhi zingaphazamiseki.Ngakho-ke iSabatha yayingamukelwa ngaphambi kobunkulunkulu nokuvuka kwabafileyo ezigabeni zokuqala. Lokhu kwashintshwa kamuva kwaba isimo sokuthi ubunkulunkulu bungaphikiswe ngaphambi kwezikhundla zeSabatha nomfundiso womphefumulo.

U-Anders Nygren (Agape and Eros, ihunyushelwe nguPhilip S. Watson, Harper Torchbooks, New York, 1969) waqonda umqondo wokuphila okuphakade ebandleni lapho ethi:

Ibandla lasendulo lihluke kakhulu kuHellenismu ekukholweni kulo ekuvukeni kwabafileyo. Isiko lobuKristu laqinisekisa 'Ukuvuka kwenyama,' okwaphikiswa ngama-Apologists ngemfundiso yamaHellenismu yokungafi kwomphefumulo. Lo mphikiso wawuqondile futhi wawuhlelwe ngenhloso, ngoba akukho okunye lapho ukuphikisana kwabo nomoya wamaHellenismu kwakuzwakala khona njengalokhu kubo abaKristu bokuqala.Imfundiso yobuPlatonic nobuHellenistic yokungafi kwomphefumulo yabonakala kubavikeli bekholwa njengemfundiso engenankolo futhi ehlambalaza uNkulunkulu, okwakufanele ngaphezu kwakho konke bayiphikise bayibhubhise (Justin Dial. lxxx. 3-4)

Isiqubulo sabo ngalokhu singaba yilamazwi kaTatian: 'Umoya awungapheliyo, nina zamaGriki, ngokwawo, kodwa uyafa. Nokho kungenzeka ukuthi ungafi' (Tatian Oratio ad Graecos, xiii. 1).Umehluko phakathi kwamaKristu nabangewona amaKristu kule ndaba wawumkhulu kangangokuba ukukholwa 'Ekuvukeni kwenyama' kwakungaba isibonakaliso sobuKristu.

Lowo okholelwa 'ekungafi kwomphefumulo' ukhombisa ngalokho ukuthi akayena uKristu. Njengoba uJustin esho: 'Uma uhlangana nabanye ababizwa ngamaKristu... abathi akukho ukuvuka kwabafileyo, kodwa imiphefumulo yabo, lapho ifa, iyathathwa iye ezulwini; ungacabangi ukuthi bangamaKristu.' (Dial. lxxx. 4) (ibid., amakhasi 280-281)

Ngakho-ke iSonto laphika Ukungafi koMoya – babe ngama-Unitarian subordinationist ngokuphelele. Abazange baphike iTrinity kuphela uma yayingeniswa ngaleso sikhathi, kungenzeka babeyophinde baxoshe noma ubani osekela leso sifundiso noma iDitheism eyayivela emikhakheni yamaGnostic. Nokho, iSonto lalibekezelela kakhulu, libona ukuthi izimfundiso eziphambene nezinkolo zazivunyelwe ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ngubani eSontweni owayethola ukwamukelwa kukaNkulunkulu (1 Kor. 11:19). Lokhu bakwenza ngokutadisha (2 Tim. 2:15, bheka i-KJV; i-RSV ithi yenza konke okusemandleni akho).

Baphinde babamba iTestamente Elidala njengeZibhalo kanye neTestamente Elisha njengokuchaza lezo Zibhalo.Bagcina izinyanga ezintsha nemikhosi futhi sibona ukuthi iPhasika yaba nengxabano ngekhulu lesibili lapho kwethulwa uhlelo lwe-Easter futhi yaqala ukuthatha indawo yePhasika kulokho okwaziwa ngokuthi ingxabano yeQuarto-deciman (bheka amaphepha IPhasika (No. 098) kanye Nezingxabano zeQuartodeciman (No. 277)).

Ibandla laqala ukuphathwa kabi futhi lafika lihlala kakhulu ngaphandle koMbuso WamaRoma. Ngakho-ke laliphakathi kwesandla sebandla lama-Orthodox kuze kube sekuguqulweni okuqhubekayo kwama-Arian, okwaqhubeka kuze kufike ngekhulu lesishiyagalombili futhi kusukela ekusungulweni koMbuso Ongcwele WamaRoma ngo-590. Ukuphathwa kabi kwenkolelo kwaqhubeka isikhathi eside okwahambisana namandla nokubusa koMbuso Ongcwele WamaRoma kusukela ngo-590 kuya ku-1850(bona iphepha elithi General Distribution of the Sabbath-keeping Churches (No. 122)).

I-Adventism yaseMelika namabandla kaNkulunkulu e-USA eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili edlule basebenzisa kabi izinsuku zoMbuso Ongcwele waseRoma kanye nesiprofetho sesikhathi, izikhathi nesigamu sesikhathi noma izinsuku eziyi-1,260.Lokhu ukuqonda okungalungile kwakubangelwa kakhulu ukungazi umlando waseYurophu kanye neziprofetho ezingamanga ezazizigcwalisa ngokwazo. Leli phutha elinzima laba nomthelela omkhulu esiprofethweni esingamanga somkhankaso wokufika ka-1842 kuya ku-1844. Lokhu kwaholela kwenye imfundiso engamanga ebizwa ngokuthi i-pre-Ukuwahlulelwa Kwe-Advent (bona iphepha Elibizwa Ngokuthi Ukuwahlulelwa Kwe-Advent (No. 176)).

Ukuhlolwa Kwezinkolo

Siyazi ngobufakazi bokuhlolwa kwezinkolo ukuthi izimfundiso zeSonto zazinjani ezigabeni ezahlukene zokusabalala kwazo.

Singasho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ibandla labizwa, ngokohlelo lwamaKatolika, ngamagama ahlukahlukene ezindaweni zalo ezahlukene ukuze kufihlwe isakhiwo esisakazeke futhi esifanayo sezimfundiso zalo. Nokho izinhlangano zeSonto LikaNkulunkulu zazinemibono ehlukene mayelana nohulumeni waso nokugcizelela kwaso (isb. amaPresbyterian namaEpiscopalian kumaWaldensi aseNtshonalanga). Siyazi ukuthi labizwa ngokuthi Cathar noma Cathari, ngaleyo ndlela laba amaPuritan ngesiNgisi. Labizwa futhi ngokuthi Bulgar,Khazzar, Vallenses, Albigensian, Waldensian, Sabbatharier, Sabbatati, Insabbatati, Passaginians, phakathi kwabanye. Igama elithi Sabbatharier libonakala liyakhiwa lisho abagcini beSabatha abangama-Arian.

Siyazi ukuthi ukubambisana kwemibono kwakuqondwa kabanzi futhi kwavezwa olimini lwasekhaya. Isibonelo, igama elithi poor bugger ngesiNgisi liyisho elivamile lokubonisa uzwela kumuntu ongenhlanhla odlula ekuhlolweni noma ekuhlukunyezweni. Lokhu kuvame ukudida amaMelika anamuhla ngisho nabase-Australia, njengoba amagama athi bugger kanye ne-buggery enencazelo ethile yomthetho ehlobene nesodomi. Nokho, leli gama linencazelo ehlukile ebonisa ukusetshenziswa kwalo kubakhethiwe ngesikhathi se-Inkosi YobuKholwa. I-Oxford Universal Dictionary ithi leli gama livela ku-Middle English lisuka ku-French bougre naku-Latin Bulgarus noma i-Bulgarian, noma umheretiki (noma umhwebi wenzalo). Kwabhekwa njengokubhekisela kwamaheretiki, ikakhulukazi kwama-Albigenses. Lena yayiyincazelo yalo yokuqala. Incazelo yesibili enecala ephathelene nesodoma yaba yigama elisetshenziswe kamuva kusukela ngo-1555 futhi kubonakala sengathi yayihloselwe ukudicilela phansi isigaba sabantu esasicindezelwe cishe iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu. Igama elithi pauvre bougre noma poor bulgar njengoba lisetshenziswa kwama-Albigensian lafika esiNgisini njenge poor booger. Ukusetshenziswa kwegama elithi bogle noma boggle eNyakatho yeNgilandi cishe ngo-1505 akunacacile ukuthi livela kuphi kodwa laqala ukuhlotshaniswa nezithunzi nez ngakho-ke kwaba yigama elifanele lomoya ongcolile (ngakho-ke bogieman njll.). Impela igama elithi poor bugger lavela eMpi Yama-Albigensian. Nokho, umuntu angaxolelwa uma ebuzayo ukuthi amaBulgars ahlobene kanjani nama-Albigensians? Impendulo ilula. Izinkolo ZikaNkulunkulu, ezivela emagatsheni azo esikhathini esaziwa ngokuthi isikhathi sasePergamum (IsAmb. 2:12 nangaphezulu) ababizwa ngokuthi amaPaulician, bangena eYurophu ngenxa yokuthuthelwa ngaphansi kukaConstantine Capronymous noJohn Tsimiskes (bona iphepha elithi General Distribution of the Sabbath-keeping Churches (No. 122)). Lezi zindlalelo eThrace zasakazeka phakathi kwamaBulgars, amaSlav aseNingizimu ikakhulukazi eBosnia kanye naseHungary naseRomania. Zasakazeka entshonalanga futhi, kusukela ngekhulu le-15, zahlangana nezinsalela zamaSabbatati entshonalanga ezibizwa ngokuthi amaVallenses noma amaWaldensians. Singakwazi ukusho ngokuqiniseka okuthile ngobubanzi bezimfundiso zabo kusukela ngekhulu le-13 futhi ngokuqiniseka okuphelele ukuthi imirhango yasempumalanga, ikakhulukazi eHungary naseRomania, yayinjani kusukela ngekhulu le-15 kuyazikhulu zama-19.

Ukwenziwa kwemihlaba yama-Albigensian ngekhulu le-13 kuchazwe embhalweni othi General Distribution of the Sabbath-keeping Churches (No. 122). Lawa maqembu ngokungangabazeki ayegcina uSonto.Isifiso seSonto LamaKatolika laseRoma sokufihla leli qiniso siholele ezimangweni ezimangalisayo mayelana nokuvela kolimi kwegama elithi Sabbatati. Nokho, siyazi futhi ukuthi babeyi-Unitariyani. Kubhalwe ukuthi babekhona ngaphambi konyaka ka-934 lapho bekhalazwa khona ngu-Atto, umbhishobhi waseVireulli, njengalokhu abanye abake bakhalaza ngaphambi kwakhe.

Baqala ukubizwa ngokuthi amaVallenses ngo-1179 ekugxekweni kwabo okwenziwa nguRaymond waseDaventry. Abadala, noma ama-barbes (omalume), uBernard kaRaymond noRaymond waseBaimiac bagwetshwa njengabaphikisi inkolo nguRaymond waseDaventry ngo-1179 phambi kweKhonsili yaseLaterani, hhayi ngenxa yokugcina kwabo uSonto kodwa ngenxa yokuba ngama-Unitarian. Incwadi ebhalwe ngokubahlulela ngo-1180 nguBernard waseFontcaude yabe isithatha igama elithi Vallenses esihlokweni esithi Adversus Vallenses et Arianos. Ngakho-ke babe ngabalandeli bokubekwa ngaphansi abangakholelwa eBumbanweni (non-Trinitarians). Lo msebenzi wango-1180 kubonakala sengathi ulahlekile kulekhulu leminyaka, kodwa umsebenzi othi Liber Contra Vallenses owabhalwa ngo-1190 nguBernard waseFontcaude usekhona nanamuhla. AmaVallenses ngaleso sikhathi abonakala engamaUnitariyani futhi babonwa behlukile kwama-Arian. Lona ngumbono oqondile futhi iSonto likaNkulunkulu liyogcizelela kuwo. I-Arianism, ngokwamaKatolika, kuthiwa ibona uMoya oNgcwele njengokudalwa kwendodana, ihlukile ku-Unitarianism yeBhayibheli. Zombili zibhekwa njengobufundisi-buqili obufanayo noma obufanayo ngamaKatolika, abangase futhi basungule umfundiso wokudalwa koMoya yindodana, njengoba kungekho ukuqoshwa kwangempela kwalombono ezincwadini ezibhalwe ngu-Arius (bona futhi amaphepha Arianism and Semi-Arianism (No. 167) kanye ne-Sociniansim, Arianism and Unitarianism (No. 185)).

Ama-Albigensians babengengasigatsha nje sama-Vallenses. Ama-Albigensians babehlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili, ama-Vallenses noma ama-Waldensians kanye nama-Cathari endawo noma ama-Puritani. Ama-Cathari babe nemibono ehlukile kakhulu futhi eyingozi ngobuhle nobubi esekelwe ohlotsheni lwe-Gnosticism kanye ne-Manichean Dualism. Umehluko, phakathi kwezinye, wenziwa nguRay Roennfeldt esihlokweni sakhe sokuphothula izifundo (Ucwaningo Lomlando Lwe-Dualism Yomkhathi YobuKristu, e-Andrews University) (bheka iphepha Elokudla Kwembila NeBhayibheli (No. 183)). Ukukholwa kwawuhlushwa kaningi yile ndlela yokubili. Lapho iSonto lisungulwa, abaningi ababizwa ngokuthi abaguqukile phakathi kwezinhlangano zabamonki bavame ukuthuthukisa imibono engaqondakali. AmaBogomil ayisibonelo. KubakwaBogomils nasemBosnians, ukuzila komonki kwahambisana nodualism wobufundisi-mpikiswano futhi kwazama ukudiliza umzimba jikelele wokholo. Amaphutha nawo avela emagatsheni wokuqala wamaPaulicians. Elinye iphutha kwakuyilabo bamaMelchisedekians abasungule olunye uhlelo oluhlelekile oluvela embonweni wobu-Unitarian. UMelchisedek wayebhekwa njengomxhumanisi wezingelosi kanti uKristu wayengumxhumanisi wabantu ngaphansi kwakhe. Imibhalo yamaKatolika ibamba lezi heresamaqembu anamuhla futhi bawaxhumanisa neSonto ngaleso sikhathi. Babeka le mibono engalungile eSontweni, ngaleyo ndlela befihla izimfundiso zangempela.

Yonke iMpi Engcwele yama-Albigensian yagxilwa kuzo zombili lezi zingxenye yiRoma ngekhulu le-13. Ama-Albigensian babe nokuvikelwa eningizimu yeFrance ngaphansi kukaRaymond iKhosi yaseToulouse. AmaVallenses noma amaSabbatati ayengamakhulu futhi asabalale kakhulu, futhi afinyelela eSpain. Singakha kabusha izimfundiso zamaVallenses kusuka engalweni yaseSpain yamaSabbatati ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa okukhulu ababebhekana nakho.

Ukuhlolwa Kwezinkolo KwasemSpainUkuhlolwa Kwezinkolo Kwaspania kwakuhloselwe ukususa ezweni ababizwa ngokuthi amaKristu abalandela imithetho yamaJuda. Laba babizwa ngokuthi amaMarranos (noma izinkabi). Ngokwemigomo yokuHlolwa Kwezinkolo nemibono esiyitholile, siyazi ukuthi babengagcini nje ngokugcina uSabatha kodwa futhi baphika iThrinithi, bagcina Izinsuku Eziyingcwele, kuhlanganise neSuku Lokuxolelwa Kwezono, futhi bagcina nemithetho yokudla. Umthetho WeNkolo uveza izindlela abaphambene nenkolo ababengahlonzwana ngazo.AmaJuda namaSulumane nawo abebhekene nalokhu ukuhlukunyezwa, kodwa ukuhlukunyezwa kwakungekho kubo kodwa kwakumayelana neSonto likaNkulunkulu ababebizayo ngokuthi Sabbatati, Insabbatati noma Insabathi. Umthetho ka-Alphonse, inkosi yase-Aragon njll., wokuxosha amaWaldensians noma ama-Insabbatati eSpain unikezwe ekhasini 20 lephepha elithi General Distribution of the Sabbath-keeping Churches (No. 122).

UCecil Roth encwadini yakhe ethi The Spanish Inquisition, eprintwe yiRobert Hale Ltd, eLondon, ngo-1937, wanikeza isixwayiso ekuqaleni kokubhala sokuthi umlando uyaziphindaphinda, futhi le ncwadi yayingahloselwe ukuba ihlekise ngalokho okwakwenzeka ngaleso sikhathi eYurophu. Izazi zamaJuda zazama ukuthuthukisa iSpanish Inquisition njengendlela yokuhlukunyezwa kwamaJuda. Mhlawumbe okubi kakhulu kulezi zingqikithi ezingalungile, naphezu kokucophelela kwayo okuphelele, ngumsebenzi wakamuva kaB. Netanyahu (Imvelaphi Yokuhlolwa Kwezinkolo KwaseSpain Ekhulwini Le-15 eSpain, Random House, New York, 1995). UNetanyahu uzama ukukholisa umfundi ukuthi umgomo wokuhlolwa kwezinkolo kwakuyisigaba samaJuda, nakuba lokho kungelona iqiniso nhlobo, futhi izazi sezimemezele esidlangalaleni ukuphikisa isikhundla sakhe. AmaRabi ngaleso sikhathi asho ngokusobala ukuthi babengamaJuda kodwa bengamaKhrestu. BabengamaJuda abazifihla njengamaKhrestu. Eqinisweni, babe yiSonto LikaNkulunkulu.

Inani lamaTribunali eHhovisi Elingcwele eSpain ekugcineni lafika kwayishumi nanhlanu. Zazikhona zinezikhulu ezigcwele nabasebenzi kanye nemishini eBarcelona, Cordova, Cuenca, Granada, Llerana, Logrono, Madrid, Murcia, Santiago, Seville, Toledo, Valencia, Valladolid naseSargossa. Enye yeziqhingi zaseBalearic yayisePalma, eMajorca.

Izindawo ezazisabekayo futhi ezazisebenza kakhulu kwakunguMadrid, Seville naseToledo ngenxa yenani elikhulu lamaKristu Amasha (njengoba ebabiza uRoth), lapho imisebenzi yayikhulu kakhulu eCastile Endala nase-Andalusia, futhi yancipha ngemuva kokuqhuma kokuqala okukhulu yaba kancane kakhulu eCatalonia (Roth, ibid., Isahluko. Ihhovisi Elingcwele, ik. 73). Ekugcineni yahlelwa ekupheleni kwekhulu le-15 ngaphansi kwegunya lomkhandlu ophakathi El Consejo de la Suprema y General Inquisición owawubizwa ngokuthi iLa Suprema, owawuqala wawugxile eCastille. Ngezikhandlu ezine ezinkulu zeSifundazwe ezaziphansi kukaFerdinand no-Isabella, okungukuthi iCouncil of State, iCouncil of Finance, iCouncil of Castille ne-Council of Aragon, iKhonsili ye-Inkosi Yezinkolo yathatha indawo yayo njengomsebenzi obalulekile wamandla obukhosi (Roth, ibid., ikhasi 74). Ngo-1647 kwaphathwa umyalo wokuthi zonke izigwebo zazo zonke izinkantolo zihanjiswe kuyo ukuze zilawulwe. Lokhu kubonakala ukuthi kwakuhloselwe ekugcineni ukunciphisa ubudlova obungachazeki bokuhlukunyezwa kwendawo. Ubuhlungu babusuka ephutheni eliyisisekelo lokuqonda. UNetanyahu ubhekisela kule phutha (The Origins of the Spanish Inquisition in Fifteenth Century Spain, amakhasi 440-459) lapho zonke amaphutha engqondo zazibhekwa njengezinkolelo eziphikisayo, ngokuphikisana nesitatimende sika-Augustine esithi "Ngingaphutha kodwa angiyena umphikisi wenkolo" (De Trinitate, c, 3, n. 5-6). UJuan de Torquemada, umhloli wezinkolo, wahlasela izilingo zaseToledo ngenxa yokungajwayelekile okubonakalayo nokuzonda amaJuda okungekho eBhayibhelini ngenhloso. Wabona lolu daba lusezingeni elifanayo nalelo likaHaman kuMordekayi nakumaJuda (ibid., ikhasi 449). Wabe esebhekene nenkinga yemvelo kaNkulunkulu njengoba ibukwa ngamaVallenses. AmaToledani aye asho, njengoba kwakubonakala kwezinye izindawo, njengento eyaziwayo emphakathini (publica fama) (futhi naseValencia njengoba sizobona) ukuthi abahlekisi bayasika, bayaphika ubuqotho bokuba uNkulunkulu bukaKristu, futhi bayaphika ubukhona bomzimba wakhe e-Eucharist, njll. (ibid., ikhasi 444) . AbakwaToledo babengakakombisi, ngokusho kukaTorquemada, ukuthi abaguquliwe babengakwazi ukufakazela, noma ngokuvuma kwabo ngokuzithandela noma ngamazwi abafakazi abangenacala, ukuthi bakake bathi, ngemva kokubhabhathizwa, bakholelwa kunoma yini ngaphandle kwalokho okukholelwa yiSonto loMama uqobo (bheka Netanyahu, ikhasi 444). Torquemada wabiza lesi sisho njengesilimaza, amanga futhi anobuqili, futhi wabonisa ngokwaso ukungasebenzi kwalo lonke icala (ibid., ikhasi 445). Kungani lokhu kufanele kube njalo? Siyazi ngaphandle kokungabaza ukuthi amaVallenses ayehlala ekholelwa ku-Unitarianism izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Umehluko wawusezingeni lobunkulunkulu obuncane bukaKristu. Ngakho-ke ubunkulunkulu bukaKristu abuzange buphikwe. Kodwa kwakukhona okwengeziwe okwakubalulekile lapha. UTorquemada wabona ukuthi izilingo zaseToledo zaziyizenzakalo zokuzonda amaJuda nje futhi kwakungekho isisekelo seBhayibheli salolu hlobo lobandlululo. Ngakho-ke kwakumele amemezele leli phutha ngamazwi aqinile kakhulu. Inkinga futhi yayikule nto yokuthi ukungabaza nokuphenya kwakufinyelela esizukulwaneni sesine sabaguqukayo. Wahlasela lesi simiso ngokombono wokuguqulwa kwezinye izingxenye zabaphikisi be-Trinithi, ngalokho akubiza ngokuthi amaphutha kaManichea phakathi kwamaBosnians. Wabhekana nenkinga yokuguqulwa kwezikhosi ngaphakathi koMbuso Ongcwele WamaRoma. UTorquemada uthi:

Esikhathini sethu kwashintsheka kusuka ekukholweni kwezithakazeli kwayaobuKristu inkosi ehloniphekile yasePoland,uyise wenkosi yamanje, kanye nenqwaba yezikhulu eziningi kanye nezixuku ezingabaleki [uWladislaw II, owake wabizwa ngokuthi uJagiello, iDuke Elikhulu laseLithuania, waguquka lapho eba inkosi ngo-1386. Wayenguyise kaCasimir IV owakhuphuka esihlalweni sobukhosi ngo-1447]. Kamuva, ezinsukwini zikaPapa Eugene IV, inkosi yaseBosnia, iNdlovukazi yakhe, kanye nezikhulu eziningi zabanye baguqulwa bayaobuKristu besuka eziphambanweni zamaManichea [inkosi uStephanus Thomas waguqulwa waya ebuKhatolikini ngo-1445]. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe nsuku zonke abaningi bamaSulumane bayakholiswa [ngeqiniso lobuKristu]. Kungaba yihlazo elikhulu futhi kube yisiphuku esingenakwamukeleka ukusho ukuthi bonke laba bantu kufanele basoliswe, okungenani kuze kube isizukulwane sesine, ngokuthandaza ezithombeni namaphutha ababewagcinile bona nabobabo ngesikhathi esithile (Tractatus, amakhasi 54-55; cf. Netanyahu, ikhasi 452). UTorquemada wayebhale incwadi encane ephikisana neBogomilism yaseBosnia (Symbolum pro imformatione Manichaeorum, ed. N Lopez Martinez and V Proano Gil, 1958, p. 23, n. 68 and Netanyahu, n. 119). Lapha sibona imiphumela yokuxubana kobuManichean dualism lapho amaPaulician asungule ukholo lwe-Unitarian. Ibandla ngalesi sikhathi laphushelwa eHerzegovina kwaze kwafika enyakatho (bheka futhi iphepha elithi General Distribution of the Sabbath-keeping Churches (No. 122)). Inkinga icacile, kodwa hhayi kuNetanyahu. Ngo-15th century amaVallenses ayehlelwe phansi kangangokuba ayehlangana ngokuphelele ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa. AbakwaToledans nabanye babeyize kakhulu futhi babeyigebengu kangangokuba babe sebesebenzisa i-Inquisition ukuze babhubhise amaSemitic ngokuhleleka.

Lokhu bekuzophula isikhundla semisebenzi yecawa ekuqiniseni umbuso. UTorquemada wabhekana nenselelo yokunciphisa lezo zinto ezingaphezu kwemingcele ukuze kube nokusebenzisana okuzinzile ngaphakathi kombuso, futhi ukuguqulwa kwenkolo kubonakale kuyinzuzo kulabo ababebhekiswe ekuguqulweni kwenkolo. Ubandlululo nobugovu be-Inquisition kwakubeka lo mkhuthazo, ngaleyo ndlela nokwandisa, engozini. UTorquemada wayenobuhlakani obanele bokwazi ukuthi umgomo womlando uzoba kanjani. Ngakho-ke kwadingeka ukuthi avimbe i-Inquisition. Ekugcineni, ibandla layivumela ukuthi iqhubeke eminye iminyaka eyikhulu emithathu ngokumelene nezinqubo nezimfundiso ezaziphikiswa ukuba zikhona, ekugcineni yibhidliza amandla ayo (bheka uMalachi Martin, Ukwehla nokuwohloka kweSonto laseRoma, Secker and Warburg, eLondon, amakhasi 254 nangaphezulu.).

Ubufakazi obuvela kuma-Edict

Ekumisweni kwe-Inquisition yendawo, kwalandelwa inqubo yama-Edict. Ngemva kokushicilelwa kwe-Edict yoMusa ekhuthaza abahambi ngokuphambene nenkolo ukuthi beze bamukele icala, evamise ukuthatha izinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu noma ezingamashumi amane (Roth, ikhasi 75), i-Inquisition yayizohlambulula indawo. Lokhu kwavusa uchungechunge lwenqubo yokubeka icala.Isigaba esilandelayo kwakuwukushicilelwa kwesikhathi nesikhathi kwe-Edict Yokholo, okwasiza ekuhlonzeni izinhlobo noma izinkomba zezinkolelo eziphikisayo okwakufanele zisolwe. Uhlelo lokuvuma-izono lwabe seluqinisekisa lokhu kubi.

I-Edict of the Faith yakhishwa eValencia ngo-1519 ngu-Andres de Palacio, uMhloli weNkolo waseValencia, futhi yashicilelwa nguRoth. Kungabonakala kule Edict ukuthi kwakukhona uhlu olujwayelekile lweqiniso nezinkolelo ezingamanga ezazihlukanisa amaqembu amathathu abantu. Elokuqala kwakunguKristu ababambe imikhuba ebizwa ngokuthi yokuJuda. Iqembu lesibili kwakuyamaJuda uqobo kanti iqembu lesithathu kwakuyamaSulumane. Kuyabonakala kulo Myalelo ukuthi ubuheretiki babungene esontweni uqobo njengoba amazwi abekwa phezu kwe-Eucharist abebekwe ngokukhethekile njengophawu lobuheretiki kulo Myalelo. Futhi i-Cross, noma uphawu lwe-Cross, yayingasetshenziswa ngamaSabbatati. Ngokuhlaziywa kulo Myalelo kubonakala sengathi leli qembu laphika uMphefumulo nemfundiso zeZulu neSihogo. Babeqaphela uSonto kusukela ekushoneni kwelanga ngoLwesihlanu kuze kube sekushoneni kwelanga ngoMgqibelo bengasebenzi ngalolo suku. Babegubha umkhosi Wesinkwa Esingenamvubelo nePhasika ngemifino ebabayo. Babelamba ngosuku lokuxolisa (Roth, amakhasi 77 nalawo alandelayo).

Imibono ejwayelekile nokugcinwa kwamaJuda kwafakwa ohlwini njengoba kuboniswe ku-Edict, ngakho-ke izinhlelo zazihambisana, kwenza kwaba nzima ukuhlonza ngokunembile umehluko phakathi kwazo. Bagcina imithetho yokudla futhi babhaba abashonile babo ngokwesiko lamaJuda. Ingxenye enkulu ye-Edict iqukethe izinkolelo ezingamanga ezibekwe emahlangothini (isb. ikhasi 78) . Baphika iMariolatry futhi lokhu kwahlanganiswa nokuphikwa kukaMesiya ngamaJuda.

Imfundiso yeTransubstantiation yaphikwa njengoba kwaphikwa ifomu lamaKatolika lemfundiso yokuba Khona Kuyo Yonke Indawo, eyayiyiPlatonic Animism (ikhasi 78). Abapristi babonakala bebambe iqhaza futhi bahlonzwa ngokugcoba. AmaKristu babonakala begqoka njengamaJuda belandela imithetho ephathelene nezingubo (ikhasi 79). Babehlangana ezindlini zamabandla futhi befunda amaBhayibheli ngolimi lwabo lwasekhaya. Impahla yabaphikisi yayithathwa, futhi lokhu ngokungangabazeki kwasiza ukuzikhandla kwabaphandi benkolo.

URoth ubhala ngokuvulwa kweHhovisi eLisbon ngaphambi kokuba lenziwe iOpera House. Izitatimende ezivela kubafakazi ababebona ngamehlo abo (ezashicilelwa ku-Annual Register ka-1821) zikhombisa ngaphandle kokungabaza,kwatholakala izinsalela zabantu emigodini yobugebengu, eyayisasebenza (ngokubhalwe odongeni lomgodi) kuze kube ngonyaka ka-1809. Phakathi kwazo kwakukhona amamonki agqokwa yibo, izingubo zawo zitholakala phakathi kwezinsalela zabantu nezinye izinto ezazibekwe ezitezi zemigodi yobugebengu nasemibonweni yobufakazi bokubulala, kokudala nakwamanje, okwenzeka lapho (Roth, amakhasi 84-85).

Izikhawu zeminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine phakathi kokuboshwa nokugwetshwa kwakuvamile, futhi kwelinye icala elirekhodiwe kwadlula iminyaka eyishumi nane. Abesifazane abakhulelwe babedonswa baye esitendeni sokubhaxa, futhi ukuhlukunyezwa kwabavalelwe, noma mhlawumbe ukuxhumana nabo, kwakhuthaza uKhadinali Ximenes ngo-1512 ukuba asongele ngokufa noma yiliphi isikhulu elitholakala liqhuba amacebo ngabavalelwe bawo. Izindleko zokuboshwa zazikhokhwa ngumsolwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwathatha isikhathi esingakanani. Isibonelo esisodwa sezindleko ezabangelwa ukuboshwa kweminyaka emine kwesifazane ongumnunisi eSicily, okwathi ngemva kokuxoshwa kwakhe wakhululwa ngo-1703, kwakusakhokhwa ngabazukulwane bakhe kuze kube sekupheleni konyaka ka-1872(Roth, ikhasi 87). Ngokuvamile impahla yayibanjwa ngesikhathi sokuboshwa.

AmaMarranos noma amaKristu Amasha babengavunyelwe ukuba bafakazi kunoma yiziphi izinqubo. Ukugcinwa kwamagama abafakazi kwethulwa ngekhulu le-13 ngenhloso yokuvikela abathintekayo kubamangalelwa abanamandla, kodwa lokhu kwaba yisiko futhi akekho owake wathola amagama abamangaleli babo. (URoth ukhomba kahle ukuthi ngisho kuze kube ngonyaka ka-1836 eNgilandi abasolwa bobugebengu babengavunyelwe ukuba namagqwetha noma babone amakhophi ezitatimende ezenziwe ngokumelene nabo.) Lezo zikhathi ngokwazo zaziyizilwane futhi i-Inquisition yayiyona embi kunazo zonke kule zilwane.

Ukuhlolwa kweNkolo eYurophu kwaqala eningizimu yeFrance ngekhulu le-13 kwaphela eMbuso kaPapa ngo-1846.Phakathi kuka-1823 no-1846, abantu abangaba ngu-200 000 eMazweni aPapa kuphela bagwetshwa ukufa, ukuvalelwa ejele impilo yonke, ukuxoshwa ezweni noma ukuboshwa emikhunjini yamagalasi, kanti abanye abayizigidi eziyi-1.5 bafakwa ngaphansi kokuqapha (bona uMalachi Martin, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Church, ikhasi 254, kanye nephepha elithi General Distribution of the Sabbath-keeping Churches (No. 122),(bheka ikhasi 29 ukuze uthole izicaphuno). U-Roth ucaphuna ukudumazeka kwabantu kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-13 eningizimu yeFrance.

Ngizweni, baphathi bami! Angiyena umheretiki: ngoba nginomkakami ngihlala naye futhi sinezingane; futhi ngidla inyama, ngiyalala, ngiyafunga, futhi ngingumKristu othembekile (Roth, ikhasi 90).

Lokhu ukwenqaba izimiso zokungashadi nokuzila ukudla okunamafutha kwakudingekile ngoba amaManichaean dualists, aziwa ngokuthi amaCathari noma amaPuritani, abafuna ukuhlanzeka ngokuzila, kwakuyisigaba sobuheretiki esagcina sidala ukuhlukunyezwa kwamaVallenses noma amaSabbatati. AmaManichaean dualists ahlukile kwamaVallenses futhi lokhu ukuhlukaniswa kwamaCathar namaVallenses kwakuvunywa kodwa kwahlukaniswa ngokungalungile nguWeber.Imithetho yeBhayibheli yayigcinwa njalo ngamaSabbatati. Inkolo yabo yayiyimfihlo ngakho-ke kunzima ukuyichaza ngokunembile. Nokho, siyazi ukuthi bagcina uSabatha futhi ububanzi benkolo yabo buqondwa ngamagatsha asempumalanga amaSabbatati.

AmaSabbatati aseMpumalanga Yurophu

Siyazi ngokunembile ukuthi izimfundiso zamabandla aseHungary naseTransylvania zazinjani kusukela ngekhulu le-15 kuya kwele-19.

Lesi siqephu sigcinwe nguDkt. Samuel Kohn, iRabhi Omkhulu waseBudapest, eHungary, encwadini ethi DIE SABBATHARIER IN SIEBENBURGEN Ihre Geschicte, Literatur, und Dogmatik, Budapest, Verlag von Singer & Wolfer, 1894, Leipzig, Verlag von Franz Wagner. Lezi zinto zibalwe ephepheni elithi General Distribution of the Sabbath-keeping Churches (No. 122) ekhasini 22 nangemva kwalokho. Yonke isakhiwo sibhalwe encwadini ethi The Sabbatarians in Transylvania, ebhalwe nguSamuel Kohn, ihunyushelwe kuT. McElwain noB. Rook, yahlelwa nguW. Cox, CCG Publishing, USA 1998.

Siyazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi lesi sigatsha samaVallenses noma samaSabbatati sasiyi-Unitarian ngoba uFrances David noma uDavidis washona ejele ngo-1579. UKohn uthi bavuselele ubuKristu bokuqala nobuqotho (Kohn, ikhasi 8). Ibandla lama-Unitarian lahlukaniswa laba abakhonza ngeSonto nabagcina uSonto lweSikhumbuzo ngo-1579. Isigatsha seSonto lweSikhumbuzo ngaphansi kuka-Eossi sasithembeke kakhulu eqinisweni.

1. Babezilalisa abantu abadala.

2. Bagcina amaSabatha nezinsuku ezingcwele, kuhlanganisa iPhasika, Isinkwa Esingenamvubelo, iPentekoste, Usuku Lokuxolisa, Izindlu Zesikhashana kanye Nosuku Olukhulu Lokugcina, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, izinyanga ezintsha. I-Trumpets ayihlanganiswanga ngokwehlukana encwadini yezingoma futhi kubonakala ukuthi yayigujwa nezingoma zeNyanga Entsha.

3. Izimfundiso zabo zafaka phakathi iNkulungwane yeminyaka engokwenyama lapho ekuqaleni kwayo uKristu ayezobuya futhi ahlanganise kabusha uJuda no-Israyeli.

4. Basebenzisa ikhalenda likaNkulunkulu elisekelwe ezinyangeni ezintsha.5. Bafundisa ukuvuka kwabafileyo okubili, okokuqala ukuya ekuphileni okuphakade lapho uKristu ebuya khona, nokwesibili ukuya ekuhlulweni ekupheleni kweMileniyamu.

6. Bafundisa insindiso ngomusa kodwa kwakudingeka kusagcinwa imithetho.

7. Babekholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ubiza abantu nokuthi umhlaba ngokujwayelekile uyabhidlizwa.

8. Imfundiso yabo ngoKristu yayiyi-Unitarian ngokuphelele yokumlalela uNkulunkulu.

(Bheka iphepha elithi General Distribution of the Sabbath-keeping Churches (No. 122), ikhasi 22.)

Ngakho-ke kuyabonakala ukuthi iSonto lasendulo leSabatha laliyi-Unitarian, ligcina imithetho yeTestamente Elidala. ISabatha yayiyingxenye nje yohlelo lwabo lokukholwa olwalukhomba ekukhulekeni kuNkulunkulu Oyedwa Wangempela.Bahlukunyezwa eMpumalanga Yurophu ngenxa yokuba ngama-Unitarian kunokugcina iSabatha (uFrancis Davidis wakhetha ukuhlala ejele, lapho afa khona, kunokuba ancintisane nenkolo yama-Unitarian, nakuba uSocinus, naye eyayengu-Unitarian, wazama ukumcenga ukuthi alungise ukuzinikela kwakhe okuqinile kwe-Unitarian ukuze asindise impilo yakhe). Banqatshelwa isimo sencono ngisho nasezikhathini lapho amaJuda ayenikezwa lesi simo. Banqatshelwa ukufinyelela emshinini wokunyathelisa ngakho-ke benza izinkulumo zabo ngesandla ngesitayela se-chain letter. I-Inquisition yayingenamusa ekucindezelweni kwalesi simiso futhi entshonalanga ukugcina iSabatha kuphela kwakwanele ukubabulala.

Ukukhula kwe-Unitarianism

NgoMhlahlandlela, i-Unitarianism yaqala ukukhula futhi yayingagcini ngokuphelele kubagcini beSabatha. Ngamanye amazwi, akuzona zonke ama-Unitarian ababe yilungu langempela leMibuthano kaNkulunkulu njengoba kungezona zonke izigcini zeSabatha ezabe ziyilungu langempela.Igama elithi Unitarianism yigama lesiNgisi elivela egameni lesiLatini elithi unitarius futhi laqala ukusetshenziswa ngokuphathelene nenkolo evunyelwe ngokomthetho ngo-1600 (Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics (ERE), art. 'Unitarianism,' Vol. 12, p. 519). Isuselwe ngokukhethekile emcabangweni wokuba nobuntu obubodwa bukaNkulunkulu ngokuphikisana nendaba evamile yokuthi unobuntu obuthathu. Igama elihambisanayo elithi Trinitarian lisetshenziswe okokuqala ngokomqondo wanamuhla nguServetus ngo-1546 (ibid.). Isichasiselo esithi Unitarian kwesinye isikhathi sisetshenziswe ngaphandle kwemingcele yobuKristu(isb. ubuSulumane nobuJuda nazo ziyobuUnitariyane ezisekelweni zazo).

Umbhalo wesiGreki weTestamente Elisha wakhishwa ngu-Erasmus (1516).

Ukungafaki kwakhe ivesi edumile yobuThathu, [1 Johane 5:7], kanye nokungathandi kwakhe izinhlobo zezingxoxo zesikole kwaba nomthelela omkhulu ezingqondweni zabantu abaningi (ERE, ibid.).

Ukukhiqizwa kweTestamente Elisha ngu-Erasmus kwakhuthaza abantu abanolwazi lwesiGreki ukuqala ukuhlola izisekelo ezazisekelwe kuzo iTrinitariyeni yendabuko. Okubaluleke kakhulu, abantu eYurophu babe sekhululekile ukuvula imibono yabo futhi i-Inquisition yayinciphisiwe. Izazi zaqala ukubona ukuthi iBhayibheli alisekeli iTrinitariyeni kodwa empeleni lisekela iUnitariyeni. Isinyathelo sokuqala emsebenzini oshicilelwe ngokusemthethweni wokuphikisa iTrinitariyamu ezwekazini (ngokuphikisana nezifundiso zamabandla ngaphambi kweReformeshini nomshini wokunyathelisa) satholakala emsebenzini kaMartin Cellarius (1499-1564), umfundi kaReuchlin nomlandeli wokuqala nomngane kaLuther (ERE, ibid., amakhasi 519-520) . Emsebenzini wakhe de Operibus Dei usebenzisa igama elithi deus ngoKristu ngendlela efanayo lapho amaKristu nabo abizwa ngokuthi dei njengabantwana boPhezulu (ibid.). Isalathiso esiya ephepheni elithi Early Theology of the Godhead (No. 127) kuzoveza ukuthi lo mqondo utholakala ngqo ku-Irenaeus nakubafundi bokuqala bama-apostola kanye nama-apostola uqobo. Lokhu kwadala ingxabano enkulu futhi umphakathi wezemfundo yanamuhla wangena engxoxweni eyalandela umsebenzi kaServitus ngo-1531. ENaples, umSpain uJohn Valdes waqala iqembu lenkolo lokutadisha Izibhalo kuze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1541 (ERE, ibid., ikhasi 520). Qaphela lapha igama elithi Valdes. Lo muntu ubonakala enguWaldensi waseSpain ngenxa yegama lakhe kanye nezimfundiso zakhe zenkolo (bheka futhi iphepha elithi General Distribution of the Sabbath-keeping Churches (No. 122)). Ngo-1539 uMelancthon waxwayisa iSenethi yaseVenice ngokusabalala kweServetianism eNyakatho Italy (ibid.). Kusuka kuleli qembu uBernard Ochino(1487-1565) waseSiena wadlula kancane eSwitzerland waya eLondon futhi wasebenza njengomunye weSonto Labangaphandle (1550 -1553) kuze kwaphukwa yiNdlovukazi uMary ekuzameni kwakhe ukubuyisela ubuKatolika. U-Ochino waphoqeleka ukuba aye eZurich wabe esehamba waya ePoland ejoyina abaphikisi beTrinitariya lapho. UCatherine Vogel, umkakhe umthengisi wezinsimbi zokuhlobisa, watshiswa eneminyaka engu-80 ngo-1539 eCracow ngenxa yokukholwa ku 'ukuba khona kukaNkulunkulu oyedwa, umdali womhlaba wonke obonakalayo nowingabonakali, ongafanekiswa ngengqondo yomuntu' (ibid.). Lolu hlelo lwaseYurophu ngesikhathi esibizwa ngokuthi isikhathi seThyatiran. Uhlelo oluphikisana neTrinitariyane lwabonakala futhi esinodini yesibili yeSonto elivuselelwe ngo-1556, kwathi ngo-1558, uGeorge Blandrata wasePiedmont waba inhloko yalo. Ama-Anabaptist aseNetherlands nawo ayengama-Unitariyani ngaphansi kukaDavid Joris waseDelft (1501–1556).Laba maUnitarian babebizwa nangokuthi amaProthestani ngokungaqinile. I-ERE ithi:

Izinkulungwane zamaProthestani ezivela eJalimane, e-Alsace naseMazweni aPhansi, zathuthela eNgilandi ngesikhathi sobukhosi bukaHenry VIII, kanti iSonto Labangewona AbaseKhaya ngaphansi kuka-Edward VI lalibandakanya nabantu baseFrance, baseWallonia, base-Italy, nabaseSpain (ERE, ibid., ikhasi 520).

Laba bantu bafuna indawo yokuphepha eNgilandi ngosizo lweSonto lama-Unitarian lapho. Lesi kwakuyiSonto langempela likaNkulunkulu. INgilandi yayivele ivulekile ekuchazeni imibono esidlangalaleni kusukela ngekhulu le-15 ngenxa yezincwadi ezashicilelwa nguRichard Peacock, umbhishobhi waseChichester. AmaLollard nama-Anabaptist ahlukana ngalesi sikhathi.

Ngo-28 Disemba 1548 umpristi ogama lakhe linguJohn Assheton waphika phambi kukaCranmer 'izimfundiso ezilimazayo' ezithi 'uMoya oNgcwele akayena uNkulunkulu, kodwa amandla athile kaBaba kuphela,' nokuthi 'uJesu Kristu owakhulelwa nguMariya oNgcwele wayengumprofethi ongcwele ... kodwa wayengenguNkulunkulu wangempela ophilayo'. Ngo-Ephreli olandelayo kwamiselwa ikhomishini yokucinga bonke ama-Anabaptist, abahlekisi, noma abangahloniphi iSikhathi Sokuthandaza Esivamile. Inqwaba yosomabhizinisi baseLondon yalethelwa phambi kwale nhlangano ngoMeyi (ERE, ibid.).

Babe ngama-Unitarian. Akukho kokubili iBinarytism noma iDitheism okwabonakala kulesi sigaba seSonto nangesikhathi sokuhlukunyezwa kwayo. Kwabe kungeyona imfundiso.Udokotela wamaphaphu uGeorge van Parris waseMainz wabulawa ngo-1551 ngenxa yokusho ukuthi uNkulunkulu uBaba uyedwa kuphela futhi uKristu akayena uNkulunkulu wangempela (ERE, op. cit.). Inhlangano yama-Unitarian ePoland, lapho uBlandrata efika khona ngo-1558, yayivele ingene esinodini lamaProthestani kodwa yaphoswa ngemva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa. Banqaba ukubizwa nganoma yiliphi igama ngaphandle kweKristu (ERE, ibid.). Faustus Socinus (1539-1604), umshana kaLelius Socinus (1525-1562) waseSiena owayengumngane kaCalvin noMelancthon, wavakashela eNgilandi wabe esehamba waya ePoland. Wavakashela uBlandrata eTransylvania ngo-1578 ephikisana noFrancis David owayenqaba zonke izinhlobo ze-cultus ezibhekiswe kuKristu. Wahlala ePoland ngo-1579. AmaSosinisi athiwa ngaye. Nokho, babekhona kudala ngaphambi kwakhe njengengxenye yeSonto esiyiqonda njengeWaldensian. Le ngxenye yafakwa embhalweni othi "USociniansim, i-Arianism ne-Unitarianism (No. 185)).

IBandla Lama-Unitarian lasePoland lahlukunyezwa laze laqeda ngokuphelele yiSonto lamaKatolika (bheka ERE, op. cit.). USocinus wavuma ukusetshenziswa kwegama elithi uNkulunkulu kuKristu ngendlela ephansi. Empeleni, le ndlela yayisetshenziswa ngu-Irenaeus njengoba sibona embhalweni ethi Early Theology of the Godhead (No. 127).

UFrancis David (noma uDavidis) wamabandla aseHungary eTransylvania wavalelwa ejele eNqabeni yaseDeva ngenxa yokwenqaba ukuthandaza, noma yiluphi uhlobo lokukhonza, kuKristu. Washona lapho ngoNovemba 1579. Siyazi ngomlando oqoshiwe kahle wabalandelayo bakhe, kusukela ku-Eossi, ukuthi babengama-Unitarian kuphela kodwa futhi bagcina uSabatha, Izinyanga Ezintsha nezinsuku ezingcwele. Umkhosi Wezimpempe wawugujwa encwadini yezingoma njengeNyanga Entsha futhi izingoma zeNyanga Entsha zazivame kakhulu kunalezo ezikhethekile zezimpempe njengomkhosi(bona iphepha elithi General Distribution of the Sabbath-keeping Churches (No. 122)).

Igama elithi Unitarius lasetshenziswa okokuqala njengelithi nguMelius futhi lavela okokuqala embhalweni esinqumweni seSinodi yaseLecsfalva ngo-1600. Lamukelwa ngokusemthethweni yiSonto ngo-1638. Amasonto aseHungary ahlukunyezwa iminyaka engamakhulu amabili ngemuva kwalokhu futhi impahla yawo yathathwa.Ekuqaleni kwale khulu imihlaba yabo yayinamabandla angu-140 phakathi kwamaSzekler aseTransylvania kanye nawambalwa eHungary. Incwadi yabo yezingoma yango-1865 ayizange ihlele ukukhonza uKristu (ERE, ibid.). Insalela eyiyo nenhloniphekile yeSonto esele manje yibo amaTranscarpathians abasagcina uSonto njengamaUnitarian.

Ukukhula kobu-Unitarian eNgilandi kwaqhamuka esifisweni sokubuyisela ukholo olulungile lwama-apostola. Kwakucacile ezingqondweni ezihamba phambili zaseNgilandi ukuthi iTestamente Elisha yayingeyona iTrinitarian kodwa iUnitarian, futhi la madoda ahloniphekile baqala ukusungula imfundiso yokuqala yeSonto. Ukuqala mhlawumbe kwaqhamuka kuRichard Hooker (1553-1600) noJohn Hales (1584-1656). Ukubekwa kwencazelo yemfihlakalo zobunkulunkulu kuBhalo kuphela kwaba yindaba ebalulekile. Imisebenzi kaWilliam Chillingworth (1602-1644) ibalulekile kule ndaba. UChillingworth wathola ithonya lakhe kuNkosi Falkland, ongumUnitarian ophambili. Imisebenzi kaGrotius ithule ngobunjalo beBunkantatu futhi (ngokukaStephen Nye encwadini yakhe ethi Brief History of the Unitarians also called Socinians, eLondon, 1687) uthi wachaza imisebenzi yakhe ngendlela yobuUnitarian noma ngokwezingqondo zamaSocinians (ERE,ikhasi 522).

UPaul Best (1590-1657) waguqulwa ekhholweni ohambweni lwakhe oluya ePoland. UMilton naye wathonywa amaUnitarian aseTransylvania (bona i-Aereopagitica, eLondon, 1644– kubhalwe ku-ERE, ibid.). Izingqungquthela zaseCanterbury naseYork ngoJuni 1640 zavimbela ukungeniswa kwezincwadi zama-Unitarian (amaSocinian) futhi iPhalamende yenza ukuphika iTrinity kwaba yicala elibulalayo ngo-1648. Nokho, uJohn Biddle (1616–1662), ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi uyise we-Unitarianism yaseNgilandi, wakhulula i-A Twofold Scripture Catechism ngo-1654. Ubunye bokholo baba yinto evamile kakhulu eNgilandi ngekhulu le-17. UProfesa Bronowski, ochungechungeni lukamabonakude i-The Ascent of Man, uthi ukuqhamuka kweMpucuko Yezimboni kwakuyimveliso yabacabangi be-Unitarian. Naphezu kokuboshwa nokuxoshwa ayeziqhingini zaseScilly (1654-1658), UBiddle waqoqa abalandeli. Ukushona kukaBiddle ngo-1662 kanye noMthetho Wokuhambisana kwavimbela lolu hambo njengombutho wokukhonza. Nokho, izimfuno zokuhumusha ngokwezwi nezwi kweZibhalo zakhokhela ukuthi zonke izazi ezinkulu zalelo langa zingamukeli iTrinitarianism. Lokhu kwakubandakanya uMilton. UThomas Firmin (1632-1697), umthengisi wezingubo ocebile, wakhuthaza izincwadi kusukela ngo-1691 kuya ku-1705. iPhalamende yazama ukuyicindezela. Nokho, izazi ezinkulu zafika kulo mkhakha ngomuntu ofana noJohn Locke (1632-1704). USir Isaac Newton naye walandela uMilton waya ku-Unitarianism ngokuhlola Izibhalo. Laba baphilosofi abakhulu balandelwa nguWilliam Whiston (1672-1752) owathatha isikhundla sikaNewton eCambridge, njengoprofesa weLucasian ngo-1703, wabe esephucwa isihlalo sakhe ngo-1710 ngenxa ye-Unitarianism yakhe. USamuel Clarke incwadi kaSamuel Clarke ethi The Scripture Doctrine of the Trinity nayo yayibalulekile ekuvezeni le nkinga. Lapha kwaphikiswa okokuqala ukubaluleka kokungapheli ngokuhlanganyela kweNdodana, kwethulwa isikhundla esifana neBinitarian. Lapho iManchester Academy (eyaba kamuva iManchester College Oxford) ivulwa ngo-1786, umqondisi wayo wokuqala kwakunguThomas Barnes, owayenguUnitarian.

Ikholeji lamaPresbyterian eCarmarthen kwakuwukuqhubeka nochungechunge lwama-academy, lokho kokuqala kwasungulwa nguSamuel Jones owake waba yilungu leJesus College e-Oxford futhi engomunye wabashumayeli abangama-2 000 abaxoshwe ngo-1662 (ERE, ikhasi 523).

Abanye ama-Unitarian babenguJoseph Priestly (1733–1804). Umngane kaPriestly, uTheophilus Lindsey (1723–1808), umvikari waseCatterick on the Tees, waphonsa umsebenzi wakhe ngemuva kokwehluleka kwesicelo sePhalamende wavula isonto lama-Unitarian e-Essex Street, eStrand ngo-1774. Lesi kwakuyisonto lokuqala elivulekile iminyaka eminingi – mhlawumbe selokhu kwavalwa iSonto Labangewona.

Yayisebenzisa i-liturgy ye-Anglican eyayiguqulwe ukuze kugujwe uBaba kuphela. Ukuqokwa kukaThomas Belsham (1750 -1829) ngo-1789 njengomfundisi wezifundo zenkolo ekolishi eHackney kwaphakamisa umgomo wama-Unitarian ngokuvula nje Izibhalo ukuze zifundwe. Lokhu kwenziwa nge-Unitarian Society yokukhuthaza ulwazi lukaKristu nokuziphatha okuhle ngokusabalalisa izincwadi. U-Lindsey, u-Priestly no-Belsham babe ngabaholi bayo. Ngo-1813, ngenxa yemizamo kaWilliam Smith (1756-1835), ilungu lePhalamende laseNorwich nomkhulu kaFlorence Nightingale, ukukhanselwa kwezigaba zoMthetho Wokubekezelelana (Toleration Act) ezazenza ukuzibophezela ku-Unitarianism kube ngokungekho emthethweni kwaholela ekuthuthukeni kwe-Unitarianism. I-Unitarianism yalaba bantu nayo yayiphika iDoktrina Yomphefumulo (bheka ERE, ikhasi 524).uThomas Southwood Smith (1788-1861) naye wathonya izimfundiso zakhe zobu-Unitarian kuByron, Moore, Wordsworth noCrabbe.

Imibono kaSmith yayivele yavezwa ngomunye wabashumayeli bakaCromwell ngaphambilini (ERE, ibid.). Izimpi zomthetho zenkathi ye-18 zabona izinguquko endaweni yezithembiso zeSonto emthethweni, okwaba nomthelela ojulile endleleni amasonto ama-Unitarian ahlela ngayo.

I-Unitarianism yanamuhla, efana naleyo eyakhuthazwa uJames Martineau (1805-1900) kanye nesikole sanamuhla, iyaphikisa umsebenzi kaJesu Kristu njengoMsindisi futhi ayisekelwanga ngokuphelele eBhayibhelini kodwa futhi isekelwe ekuchazweni kweBhayibheli ngokwengqondo.Incazelo yakhe yokwakhiwa kabusha kweTübingen ngemvelaphi yobuKristu, eyashicilelwa ku-Westminster Review futhi ebhekiselwa kuyo ku-ERE (ikhasi 525), ibalulekile, njengoba kubalulekile nokuzivikela kwakhe kwefilosofi ngokuhlanganyela komoya womuntu noMoya Ongcwele. I-Unitarianism eqinile ifuna ngokungalungile ukuphika ukuba khona kukaKristu ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwakhe.

UJohn James Tayler (1797-1869) wenza ingxoxo yokuqala ehlelekile ngombuzo weJohane eNgilandi encwadini yakhe ethi Attempt to ascertain the character of the Fourth Gospel (London, 1867). Uchungechunge olude lwabacwaningi belucelile ukuthi kubuyekezwe umbhalo weTestamente Elisha, kwathi uGeorge Vance Smith wamenywa ukuba ahlanganyele neBible Revisers (1870). Isazi seUnitarian uJames Drummond (1835–1918) wayengumfundisi wezinkolo ohlakaniphile owabhala imisebenzi ebalulekile ethi The Jewish Messiah (1877), Philo Judaeus (1888) kanye no-Inquiry into the Character and Authorship of the Fourth Gospel (1903). UJohn Relly Beard (1800-1876) wahola indlela yama-dictionary esesimanje eBhayibhelini nge-People's Dictionary of the Bible yakhe. Abanye abalandeli ababalulekile be-Unitarian babengu-Edgar Taylor, uSamuel Sharpe, H A Bright, William Rathbone Greg, Francis William Newman, Frances Power Cobbe, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Theodore Parker no Max Müller. I-ERE iphinde inikeze ulwazi ngezinkolo nokusatshalaliswa kwazo. Abanye babacabangi abakhulu besikhathi samanje, lapho behlaziya iBhayibheli ngenhloso yaso bengaxhomekile kuthiyoloji yesiGreki yezikole zase-Alexandria naseCappadocia, bamukele i-Unitarianism njengohlelo lokuqala lweBhayibheli.

Umoveshini wamaBhabhathizimu woSuku Lwesikhombisa

AmaSabbatarian Unitarians aba sobala eNgilandi ngekhulu le-17, nakuba abanye bebona ukuqhubeka komlando kusukela ezikhathini ezedlule kakhulu. Ithiyoloji yamaBiblicist yayisisekelo somoveshini wamaTraskite owaqhutshwa nguJohn Traske cishe ngo-1616 eLondon. UHamlet Jackson waletha uSabatha kuleli qembu ngokutadisha iBhayibheli. Ukuhumusha ngokoqobo kweSkripthi kwaholela leli qembu lamaPuritan emithethweni yokudla yamaLevi.Kucatshangwa ukuthi abalandeli bakhe basungula isisekelo secawa yamaSabbatarian Baptist yaseMill Yard, kanti abanye babona imvelaphi yayo eminyakeni yangaphambilini. Le cawa yaduma ngo-1661 ngenxa yokushumayela kukaJohn James ngeFifth Monarchy, owabulawa ngenxa yokungcatsha izwe.Le bandla lalihlonyiswe hhayi kuphela yi-sinagoge yamaJuda e-Amsterdam, kodwa nangumkhankaso odumile wobumessiya kaSabbetai Zwi. Ibandla, njengamaBaptisti amaningi ngaleso sikhathi, laliyi-Unitarian ngokuphelele njengoba kuboniswe ngababhali abafana no-Edward Elwall ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1700. Ikhalenda leBhayibheli nokugujwa kwePhasika ngomhlaka 14 Nisani kuyaqhubeka nanamuhla, nakuba ngokushona kukaMfundisi Albourne Peat ubufakazi be-Unitarian sebuqala ukuncipha (kusukela ngo-1992).

Nakuba ubufakazi bomlando bungekho, kungenzeka ukuthi iningi, noma ngabe zonke, zezinye izinkolo zokuqala zamaSeventh Day Baptist eNgilandi nazo zaziyi-Unitarian. Okokuqala okungeyona leyo kwaba yinkolo yasePinner's Hall eyasungulwa nguFrances Bampfield ngo-1676. Le nkolo yayibheka izinto ngendlela yobuKalivini,futhi nakuba uBampfield engazange abe ngumTrinitarians ngokuphelele emibonweni yakhe, ngokuqinisekile wayengengu-Unitarian. Ukuhlanganiswa kwamaBaptista Abathile namaBaptista Jikelele kudideze udaba lwezimpande zama-Unitarian zamaSabbatarian Baptista. AmaTrinitarians aphuthuma ekukhiqizeni izitatimende zokholo, ngakho-ke imibhalo ayivezi ukuqina kwesimiso samaUnitarian. AmaUnitarian avame ukunganaki ngokuthula izitatimende zokholo. Empeleni, iMill Yard kuze kube namuhla yamukela kuphela Imiyalo Eyishumi ngokungeza izihloko ezimbalwa ezisekelayo ezivela eTestamenteni Elisha (AmaSeventh Day Baptists eYurophu naseMelika, iVol. 1, American Sabbath Tract Society, Plainfield, New Jersey, 1910, amakhasi 25-113).

Lena yiphutha elikhulu noma eliyisisekelo lenkolo yamaSeventh Day Baptist. Ngokwehluleka ukukhiqiza izitatimende ezinemininingwane yokholo, abakwazanga ukushicilela izitatimende ezicacile ngokwanele. Ngakho-ke, izitatimende ezinemininingwane ezasakazeka kabanzi kwakungeke kwenzeke. Bahlulekile ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele inkululeko yabo yenkolo nokuthuthukisa imfundiso eqinile yedoktrina ngobunjalo bukaNkulunkulu.

I-Unitarianism nokugcina uSonto

I-Unitarianism yasendulo yayihambisana cishe ngaphandle kokwehluka nokugcina iSabatha njengoba zombili zazivela ekutolokeni iBhayibheli ngokwembhalo. I-Trinitarianism ayizange ihambisane nokugcina iSabatha kuze kube sekulungisweni kwenkolo. Ngemva kokulungiswa kwenkolo kwaba yinto eqinisekile ukuthi abanye abagcina iSabatha babe amaTrinitarian kanti abanye amaUnitarian babe abagcina uSonto, nakuba kungeyona imigomo ejwayelekile. I-Unitarianism yanamuhla egcina uSonto iyaphambuka njengazo zonke ezinye izinhlelo zokugcina uSonto.

E-Asia

Ukuhlangenwe nakho kweSabatha e-Asia kwakungeyona iTrinitari ngokuyinhloko kuze kwaba amaJesu aqala umsebenzi wawo wokushumayela. AmaNestori, kanye nezishumayeli zase-Afrika (bheka iphepha elithi General Distribution of the Sabbath-keeping Churches (No. 122)) balandela ibandla lasendulo baya ePherisiya, eNdiya kwathi kamuva baya eChina.Ukugcina iSabatha kwamaUnitarian kwaba yingozi enkulu kubuBuddha futhi kwavinjwa ngobuBuddha. Amasonto agcina iSabatha e-Asia, ngokuvamile, nawo ayengawokungabi neThathu. Agcina imithetho yokudla futhi awavumi ukuzivuma izono kanye nephurugatori. Ukuhlukana kwalezi zinkolo kwalandela, ikakhulu, emaKhonferensini aseConstantinople naseChalcedon.

AmaShayina ayehlale esesipiliyoni nohlelo lobuKristu futhi, njengakwezinye izindawo, uSabatha wawuyisibonakaliso sokuthatha iBhayibheli ngokomqondo walo oqondile. Ngo-781 kwakusivele sekusunguliwe kahle (bheka iphepha elithi General Distribution of the Sabbath-keeping Churches (No. 122)). Ukugcina uSabatha kwakusaphila futhi kusebenza kahle eChina ngesikhathi kuqala ukuvukela kombuso kweTaiping ngo-1850 (ibid.).

Okuhlangenwe nakho e-USA

Amabandla kaNkulunkulu Agcina uSabatha e-USA anemibhalo ecacile futhi ngeke axoxwe lapha. Amabandla kaNkulunkulu akhule ohlelweni lwamabandla aseNgilandi ngethonya laseYurophu.

Ubhuqenjini beSuku Lesikhombisa

Inhlangano yamaSeventh-day Adventist yayingeyunitarian ngokuyinhloko nangokusemthethweni kuze kube ngonyaka ka-1931 ngokushona kuka-Uriah Smith. (I-Wikipedia ibika ukuthi washona ngomhlaka 6 Mashi 1903 (eneminyaka engu-70), eBattle Creek, eMichigan, e-United States.) Kodwa ukwamukelwa ngokusemthethweni kwathatha isikhathi ukuza futhi kwaqhamuka ebuholini benkonzo. Abacabangi be-Unitarian bama-Adventist babenguJames White, R. F. Cottrell Snr noJnr, uD. T. Bordeau kuze kwaba ukwehluleka kwakhe, uD. M. Canright, uJ. N. Andrews, uLoughborough, uJohn Matteson, uA. C. Bordeau, uA. T. Jones, uW. W. Prescott noUriah Smith.

Ezinye izinhlangano zama-Adventist kwakungu:

1. Ama-Evangelical Adventists; kanye

2. Ama-Advent Christians.Bonke baqonda kabi imvelo yokuvuka kwabafileyo nokwahlulela. Labo bobabili babengama-Millennialist abalandela ngokoqobo imibhalo yeBhayibheli kanti ama-SDA alandela i-Millennialism yasezulwini.

Ubhuqenjwa be-Adventism ngokusemthethweni babuyi-Unitarian beBhayibheli kuze kube ngo-1931 lapho ithonya lika-Uriah Smith laphothule khona [bona ngenhla] kwathi amaTrinitarians, abebekhona isikhathi eside ngaphakathi kwayo, baqala ukuthatha ukulawula. U-Uriah Smith wabizwa ngokuthi uyi-Arian ngabalandelayo bakhe.

Kuthiwa u-Ellen G. White wayengomunye wokuqala ukwethula imiqondo yeTrinitarians kuSeventh-day Adventism encwadini ethi Desire of Ages (1898, ikhasi 530), okubonakala kungahlelwanga futhi kuphikisana nombono ocacile wesonto (ngokuka M. L. Andreasen, The Spirit of Prophecy, inkulumo yango-30 Novemba 1948). Kwakukhona nezinye izikole zokucabanga zama-Adventist.

UM. L. Andreasen (ibid.) uthi babesola ukuthi kuwumphutha wokuhlela kodwa wahamba waya ukukhuluma naye wabe esequkepha ukuthi kunjalo. Lokhu akukashicilelwa yena kuze kube ngo-1948. Ngokubheka imibono nemfundiso yabakhulu bebandla kuze kube ngo-1931, lo mbhalo wawusolwa ngokuthi kuwukufakelwa kokuhlela. I-Christian Connection, lapho uJames White ayevela khona, yayiyi-Unitarian. Ekugcineni bahlanganyela nabanye baba yi-United Church of Christ. Izimfundiso zayo zazisekelwe kakhulu eBhayibhelini kunalezo ezaziphenduka i-Unitarian Universalist Church. Leyo bandla ayinayo impendulo yangempela nezimfundiso zama-Unitarian zokubekwa ngaphansi kweNdodana yamabandla agcina uSonto.

IBandla lama-Adventist laliyi-Unitarian, noma njengoba ama-Adventist esho manje, laliyi-Arian, kuze kube ngonyaka ka-1931.Nokho, i-Arianism njengoba ichazwa ngamaTrinitarians imemezela uMoya njengokudalwa kwendodana. Lo mfundiso kungenzeka ukuthi wawungukudala kwamaTrinitarians asekuqaleni njengoba lokho esinakho ngamazwana ka-Arius kungakhombisi lolu fundiso. Nokho, njengoba ichazwa yiTrinitarianism, i-Arianism ayiyona i-Unitarianism esekelwe eBhayibhelini futhi ayiyona imfundiso eyayibanjwe uSmith noma yinoma iyiphi inkathi yecawa kuhlanganise neSonto LikaNkulunkulu (Lwesikhombisa).noma yiziphi izinkolo ezalandela.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ibandla lamaSeventh Day Adventist alizange libe ngamaTrinitarians ngokusemthethweni kuze kwashicilelwa incwadi ethi Questions on Doctrine ngo-1978. U-Andreasen wabhala uchungechunge lwezincwadi eziphikisa ukwamukelwa kokugcina kwalokhu. Ngakho-ke kwaba nesikhathi sokudlulisela phakathi kuka-1931 no-1978.[1903 – UDkt. John Harvey Kellogg ukhuthaza imfundiso yeThathu eBattle Creek ngemva kokuguquka kwakhe ekukholweni kwePantheism. UKellogg ucela uJones ukuba afundise eBattle Creek College. UWaggoner uthuthela eBattle Creek, okubeka engozini enkulu. UEllen White ubhala kuye: "USathane usebenza ngokufihlakele, engenakudinwa, ukuthinta ukuwela kwakho ngokuzikhanga kwakhe okukhohlisayo… Uthemba ukukuhola ezingxakini zobu-spiritualism."(Incwadi 231, 1903) Uhlelo Lwezinguquko Lwama-Adventist - Njengoba Kubhalwe]

Isitatimende Sokholo Sama-Adventist aseFrance sasisesi-Unitarian ngo-1938, ngokwe ikhophi yeManuwali Yesonto yalowo nyaka ebephethwe nguDkt Thomas McElwain owayefunda eseminari yama-Adventist eFrance kusukela ngo-1968 kuya ku-1973. Waphawula emazwaneni alo msebenzi ukuthi iiseminari yayiyiTrinitarians, kodwa ama-congregation ngaleso sikhathi ayeseyizi-Unitarian.

Umkhankaso wama-Adventist ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1800 (1842-1844) wabona amaTrinitarians engena ngobuningi ohlelweni lweSabatha. Abanye abazange ngempela bashiye imodeli yeTrinitarian futhi lokhu kwaba yingozi enkulu ohlelweni lokuqala lwama-Adventist olumsulwa ngemuva kukaSmith ngo-1931 (i-Wikipedia ibika ukushona kwakhe ngomhlaka 6 Mashi 1903 (eminyakeni engu-70), eBattle Creek, eMichigan, e-United States.) lapho amaTrinitarians e-Adventism athola ukulawula, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezifiso zobufundisi. Isifiso sokuthandeka kubuProthestani baseMelika saba yimbangela enkulu yale nkinga. Kwaphinde kwaholela eBinitarianism emabandleni e-Churches of God ngekhulu lama-20, ngaleyo ndlela kwavela amaphutha amaningi nokwahlukana ezinhlelweni zamanje.

Ama-Adventist ase-Afrika, ngemva kokumemezwa kobuThathu ngo-1978 okungazange kumemezelwe kabanzi kubo, baqala ukushiya ngobuningi futhi basungula noma bajoyina izinhlangano ezizimele.

Baqala ukujoyina i-CCG ngobuningi kulo lonke elase-Afrika lapho befunda ngemfundiso yeBhayibheli yobuNye. Babe benqabile ukwamukela i-WCG nezingxenye zayo.iSonto likaNkulunkulu (Usuku Lwesikhombisa)

iSonto likaNkulunkulu (Usuku Lwesikhombisa)

kwakuyisistimu yobuKristu eyunithi eyayigcina uSabatha ngokweBhayibheli, eyayingajwayele ukugcina Izinsuku Eziyingcwele emihlanganweni yase-Oregon/Denver kodwa kwaziwa ukuthi yayenza kanjalo kwezinye izindawo (isb. eChile) naseNgqungqutheleni yaseCaldwell e-US naseNigeria nakwezinye izindawo.

INkomfa yaseDenver iye yaphazanyiswa ngamaTrinitarians phakathi kwabashumayeli bayo futhi yavuma ngemibiko yeBinaria ngo-1995-7 kanye neProtestantism yeThathu ngo-1999. Amandla okuvota amalungu ayo, ngokuphikisana nabashumayeli,akuzange kuyisindise ekunikezeni ngokushesha okubonwe e-Worldwide Church of God.

Bonke abakwa-COG (SD) abajoyina i-CCG bangama-Unitari beBhayibheli futhi abakawamukelanga izinguquko ezimfundisweni kusukela ngo-1995 kuya ku-1999. Cishe bonke abase-Afrika sebajoyine i-CCG.

i-Worldwide Church of God (eyayibizwa ngokuthi i-Radio Church of God)

UHerbert Armstrong waqala ukubhala kumagazini weSonto likaNkulunkulu (Usuku Lwesikhombisa), iBible Advocate, kusukela ngo-1927. Waqala umsebenzi wakhe wokushumayela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1930 kodwa wayesakhokhelwa yiSonto likaNkulunkulu (Usuku Lwesikhombisa) kuze kube cishe ngo-1940. Lokhu kwalandela ukwethulwa okuhleliwe kobuTrinitiyane emkhankasweni wama-Adventist kodwa kwakungahlangene nakho.

Ithiyoloji ye-Worldwide Church of God yayiyi-Ditheist futhi yayifana, kodwa hhayi ngokuphelele, nobufundisi obuphambene bukaMarathonius ngemva kokuxoshwa nokufa kukaMacedonius ngemva koMhlangano waseConstantinople ngo-381 CE. Yayihluke ngobunjalo boMoya oNgcwele, kodwa yayisabamba uNkulunkulu ababili. Yayichazwe kabi kakhulu futhi kwakukhona ama-Unitarian amaningi phakathi kwamalungu e-Worldwide Church of God ngenxa yokungaqondakali kweBhayibheliIkhosi Yokuxhumana, eyathola isakhiwo sikaNkulunkulu ku-Eloah oyedwa.

Ngenxa yokuhlukana kweSonto Lomhlaba Wonke LikaNkulunkulu, sekunezinhlangothi zezikhungo zenkolo ezinodokhtrina engacacile mayelana nobunkulunkulu nakwezinye izindawo eziningi. Eziningi ngokwezobuchwepheshe ziyizinkolelo ezingamandla amabili (Ditheist) ezikholelwa kuNkulunkulu ababili kusukela ekuqaleni (ab orgine). Ezinye zimemezele isakhiwo seBinary (Binitarian) kodwa zinemfundiso yezinkolo embi kakhulu. Zonke lezi zinhlangothi zigcina Izinsuku Eziyingcwele. Okungenani izinhlangothi ezimbili zigcina Izinyanga Ezintsha.

Izinkolo ZamaKristu ZikaNkulunkulu

Izinkolo ZamaKristu ZikaNkulunkulu yinkolo egcina uSabatha, igcina zonke izici zezinhlelo zenkolo zamaKristu zokuqala, kuhlanganise nobunkulunkulu obuyunithi obuseBhayibhelini. Inamagatsha emazweni angakhulumi isiNgisi ngaphansi kwezihloko ezihunyushelwe egameni lesiNgisi.

Amazibulo kaJehova

AmaSaksi kaJehova yibandla le-Unitarian, elingagcini noma liqonde amaSabatha, Izinyanga Ezintsha nemikhosi. Ngakho-ke, abanaso izimpawu ezibalulekile zabakhethiweyo ezishiwo kulo mbhalo.

Ukuphetha

ISabatha yisimpawu seBandla likaNkulunkulu.Akuyona uphawu. Uphawu oluyinhloko yiBunkulunkulu. Lena yisakhiwo sobuUnitari esebhayibhelini. Ukugezwa kuyisibonakaliso sesibili kanti ukwamukela uMoya oNgcwele kuyisigxivizo sangaphakathi. Izimpawu zangaphandle yiSabatha kanye neSidlo seNkosi/iPhasika, okuyisibonakaliso semithetho kaNkulunkulu.Kulandelwa Izinyanga Ezintsha nezinsuku ezingcwele. Izinsuku zokuphumula ziyenqatshelwe isintu ngenxa yokuthandaza ezithixweni.

Hezekeli 20:16-20 Ngoba bahlambalaza izahlulelo zami, futhi abahambi emigomeni yami, kodwa bangcolisa izinsuku zami ezingcwele: ngoba inhliziyo yabo yalandela izithombe zabo. 17 Noma kunjalo, iso lami labakhathalela ukuthi bangabhubhiswa, futhi angizange ngibaphelise ehlane. 18 Kodwa ngathi ezinganeni zabo ehlane, Ungahambi emithethweni yabokhokho benu, ungagcini izigwebo zabo, ungazilimazi ngobufakazi babo: 19 Mina nginguJehova uNkulunkulu wenu; nihambe emithethweni yami,nagcinani izigwebo zami, nizigcine; 20Ngcwalisani izinsuku zami zokuphumula; zibe yisibonakaliso phakathi kwami nani, ukuze nazi ukuthi nginguJehova uNkulunkulu wenu. (KJV)

Ukudaka kwezinsuku zokuphumula kuvela ekukhonzweni kwezithombe. Izinsuku zokuphumula zifaka zonke izinsuku ezibekelwe ukukhonza uNkulunkulu ngokweKalenda Yakhe esekelwe ekugcineni ngokunembile kweNyanga Entsha. UNkulunkulu ujezisa isizwe ngokwehluleka ukumhlonipha nokugcina imithetho yaKhe.

Hezekeli 20:21-24 Noma kunjalo, izingane zaziphikisana nami: azihambanga ngemithetho yami, futhi azigcinanga izigwebo zami ukuze zizenze; umuntu enza lokhu uyophila kuzo; zangcolisa izabatha zami; ngasho ukuthi ngizathulula ulaka lwami phezu kwazo, ukuze ngiqedele intukuthelo yami kuzo ehlane.22 Nokho, ngahudula isandla sami, ngenza ngenxa yegama lami, ukuze lingcoliswa phambi kwabantu bezizwe engibakhuphule phakathi kwabo. 23 Ngaphakamisa isandla sami kubo nasendle, ukuze ngibahlakaze phakathi kwabantu bezizwe, ngibaphambanise emazweni ahlukene; 24 ngoba bengaziphathi izinqumo zami, kodwa bahlambalaza imithetho yami,futhi amehlo abo ayengemithonjeni yabokhokho babo. (KJV)

Amasabatha awahlukaneki nomyalo wokuqala nomthetho. Isizwe siyahlukunyezwa ngenxa yokwehluleka ukugcina zonke izingxenye zemithetho kaNkulunkulu. Abakhethiweyo bagcine ukholo ngendlela eqhubekayo kuze kube ngekhulu le-19 nelele-20 lapho ukubaluleka kokukhonza uNkulunkulu Oyedwa Wangiqiniso, nokuqonda ubuNkulunkulu kwaphikiswa yaphikiswa yiProtestanti.

Table of Doctrines of the Churches of God

Church/ Doctrine	Godhead	Organisation Structure	Baptism	Sabbath	New Moons	Holy Days	Lord’s Supper/ Passover	Food Laws
Paulo-Ephesian (30 CE on)	Biblical Unitarian	Presbyterian and quasi-Episcopalian	Adult baptism	Sabbath-keeping	Kept New Moons	Kept Holy Days	Quarto-deciman	Yes
Smyrna-Lyons (2nd-9th Cent.)	Biblical Unitarian	Presbyterian and quasi-Episcopalian	Adult baptism	Sabbath-keeping	Kept New Moons	Kept Holy Days	Quarto-deciman	Yes
Paulicians (4th-10th C.)	Biblical Unitarian	Quasi-military	Adult baptism	Sabbath-keeping	Difficult to ascertain	Kept Holy Days	Quarto-deciman	Yes
Franco-Spanic Vallenses or Sabbatati (Albigenses 9th-15th C.)	Biblical Unitarian	French: Episcopalian non-hierarchical. Spanish: Presbyterian	Adult baptism	Sabbath-keeping	All worship in secret during persecution	Kept Holy Days	Quarto-deciman	Yes
Central Pre-Reformation Waldensian Sabbatati	Biblical Unitarian	Presbyterian. Council of layman, synod of equal Nos.	Adult baptism	Sabbath-keeping	All worship in secret during persecution	Kept Holy Days	Quarto-deciman	Yes
Central Post-Reformation Waldensians (16th Cent. onwards)	Quasi-Trinitarian	Mixed until virtual extinction	Adult baptism	Went into Sunday worship with the Reformation	No	No	Easter (Friday crucifixion - Sunday resurrection)	No
East European Sabbatati (11th C. on)	Biblical Unitarian	Presbyterian on area basis	Adult baptism	Sabbath-keeping. (Sunday split in 1579)	Kept New Moons	Yes	Quarto-deciman	Yes
Pre-Reformation Anabaptist/ Lollards (9th Cent. on)	Biblical Unitarian	Presbyterian. The group split in the 15th century	Adult baptism	Sabbath-keeping. (Sunday split in 1579)	No record	As for Albigensians pre-Reformation	Quarto-deciman	Yes
Post-Reformation Baptists	Mixed (early Seventh Day Baptists Unitarian)	Mixed	Adult baptism	Mixed	No (some SDB now keeping feasts)	No record	Easter adopted by many	Mix
American Baptists (17th Cent. on)	Mixed	Mixed	Adult baptism	Mixed	No	No record	Easter adopted by many	Mix
Seventh Day Adventists (19th Cent. onwards)	Unitarian until Trinity adopted in 1931-58 post Uriah Smith	Constitutional Presbyterian	Adult baptism	Sabbath-keeping	No	Accepted but not kept	Easter (Friday crucifixion) after C of G (SD) split	Yes
Church of God (SD) Caldwell Idaho was most correct	Unitarian now changing Unitarian in Caldwell.	Constitutional Presbyterian	Adult baptism	Sabbath-keeping	Not in the Denver Conference Correct in Caldwell	In some areas Caldwell had feasts according to Conjunction	Quarto-deciman	Yes
Worldwide Church of God (Formerly Radio Church of God)	Unitarian with C of G (SD) through split and until 1955. Poorly defined Unitarian/ Ditheist/ Binitarian mix until 1994. Many divisions	Constitutional Presbyterian from C of G (SD) split. Constitution and voting unlawfully suspended. Now a corporate hierarchy as most offshoots	Adult baptism	Sabbath-keeping until 1996. Going into Sunday worship. Branches are Sabbath-keeping.	No. Some New Moon night Bible Studies on wrong days for a short time.	Yes. No Wave Sheaf ever kept.	Quasi-Quarto-deciman on Jewish calendar with wrong Passover structure. Not kept in some areas 1996	Yes
CCG	Biblical Unitarian	Constitutional Presbyterian	Adult baptism	Sabbath-keeping	Keep New Moons	Keep Holy Days	Quarto-deciman	Yes

Isihlomelo

Incazelo Yendabuko Yama-Anti-Trinitarians Basendulo Ne-Unitarianism

Esigabeni 150 seVolumu II uSchaff ukhuluma ngezigaba zama-anti-Trinitarians, lapho abiza khona isigaba sokuqala njenge-Alogi, uTheodotus, u-Artemon noPaul waseSamostata. Uthi ekhasini 572 ukuthi:

aba Anti-Trinitarians bavame ukubizwa ngokuthi amaMonarchians (ivela ku-monarchia) noma amaUnitarian ngenxa yokugcizelela ababekubeka ekuhlanganyeleni ngenombolo nangobuntu kobunye bukaNkulunkulu.Kodwa kumele siqaphele ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwazo izinhlaka ezimbili eziphikisanayo: amaMonarchians anobuhlakani noma anamandla, abaphika ubunkulunkulu bukaKristu, noma bakuchaza njengamandla nje kuphela[dunamis]; kanye namaMonarchian kaPatripassian noma amaMonarchian e-modalistic, abahlanganisa uNdodana noBaba,futhi bavuma kuphela ubuthathu bemodi, okungukuthi izindlela ezintathu zokudalulwa, kodwa hhayi ubuntu obuthathu.Uhlobo lokuqala lwalesi sibhongo, oluhlobene nobunye bukaNkulunkulu obungokomqondo kwamaJuda, lwahlukanisa ngokwe-deism uNkulunkulu nomuntu, futhi lwaphakama kancane ngaphezu kwe-Ebionism. Ngemva kokunqotshwa esontweni, lesi sibhongo savela ngaphandle kwaso ngesikali esikhulu, njengokudalulwa okungamanga, futhi saphumelela ngokumangalisayo ebuSulumane okungasekungabizwa ngokuthi i-Unitarianism yamaJuda angamanga namaKristu angamanga yaseMpumalanga.Uhlobo lwesibili lwaqhamuka ekucabangeni okuphezulu kakhulu ngobunkulunkulu bukaKristu, kodwa ingxenye yalo yaphinde yavela emibonweni yobupantheistic eyayisondela ezimpandeni ze-docetism yamaGnostic.Olunye lwaphazamisa udumo loNdodana, olunye lwaphazamisa udumo lukaBaba; kodwa olwesibili lwalujulile kakhulu futhi lwaluyobuKristu, ngakho-ke lwamukelwa kakhulu.

Kufanele futhi sikhumbule ukuthi uSchaff ungumTrinitari, futhi, njengalokhu,uyaphikisa imibono yezifundiswa zenkolo eyayimphikisayo. Incazelo yakhe ayiphelele njengoba sizobona. USchaff uthi (ekhasini 573) ukuthi bonke amaMonarchianes esigaba sokuqala babebona uKristu njengomuntu nje ogcwele amandla onkulunkulu; kodwa babecabanga ukuthi la mandla onkulunkulu ayesebenza kuye, hhayi ngenxa yokubhapathizwa kuphela, ngokombono wama-Ebionite, kodwa kusukela ekuqaleni; futhi bavuma ukuzalwa kwakhe okungaphezu kwemvelo ngumoya ongcwele. Ube esebala izinhlobo zalezi zinhlangano, ama-Alogi namaTheodotus. UTheodotus omncane wabeka uMelkisedeki njengomlamuleli phakathi kukaNkulunkulu nezingelosi, ngaphezu kukaKristu, umlamuleli phakathi kukaNkulunkulu nabantu (Schaff, ikhasi 574). Abalandeli bakhe babebizwa nangokuthi amaMelkisedekiyani.USchaff uyaqhubeka nokubala ama-Artemonite abaphika ubungcwele bukaKristu futhi basebenzisa u-Euclid no-Aristotle ukuphika izimfihlakalo nokuphikisa ukusetshenziswa kwePlatonism ukuchaza izindumiso ezinhle.

USchaff uphinde abale uPhawuli waseSamostata, umbhishobhi wase-Antioch kusukela ngo-260, njengomuntu odume kakhulu kwama-Unitarian abahlakaniphile.

Waphika ubuntu beLogos noMoya oNgcwele wababheka njengamandla nje kaNkulunkulu,njengokuhlakanipha nengqondo kumuntu; kodwa wavuma ukuthi iLogos yahlala kuKristu ngokweqile kunanoma yimuphi umthunywa kaNkulunkulu wangaphambilini, futhi wafundisa, njengamaSosiniani esikhathini esizayo, ukukhuphuka kancane kancane kukaKristu, okwabekwa ngokuthuthuka kwakhe kokuziphatha ukuze afinyelele esikhundleni sobunkulunkulu. Wavuma ukuthi uKristu wahlala engenasono, wanqoba isono sabokhokho bethu, wabe esephenduka uMsindisi wobuhlanga (ibid.).

USchaff ubheka ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zamaKristu zazisakhona njengeSamostatians, amaPaulianists, namaSabellians. Nokho, lapha wenza iphutha lokudida ngaphansi kwegama elithi Monarchians amaqembu ahlukahlukene i-ERE (bona udaba oluthi Monarchianism) elixwayisa ngawo njengoba lidida izindaba kulesi sihloko.

Esigabeni sakhe sesibili sabaphikisi-amaTrinitarians, uSchaff uhlanganisa uPraxeas, uNoetus, uCallistus noBeryllus. Lapha kubonakala kunengxabano phakathi kukaHugh Pope nabahleli be-ERE ngakolunye uhlangothi noSchaff ngakolunye. I-Monarchianism ngokwesiko layo yavela kumaPatripassians ngokukaNoetus, kanti amaSabellians ayizilandeli zabo. Nokho uSchaff ubala ngokwehlukana amaSabellian esigabeni 152. Kwakuwukukhombisa iphutha leMonarchianism nesikhundla sikaHippolytus ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe wacashunwa ephepheni elithi Early Theology of the Godhead (No. 127). Bafundisa ukuthi uNkulunkulu oyedwa ophakeme ngokuzithandela kwakhe, nangokuzinciphisa, waba umuntu ukuze uNdodana abe uBaba ofihlwe enyameni (Schaff, ikhasi 576). Ngokumangazayo, ukubhekisela kuMonarchia manje kutholakala kuphela ebuTrinitiyeni lapho izimfundiso zeMonarchia neCircumincession zimisa ubudlelwano bobunkulunkulu.

ISabellius yalandelwa ngu-Athanasius yaya efilosofini yamaStoic futhi ivame ukuphindaphinda. USabellius waphikisa ukuhlukaniswa kwe-monad ne-triad emvelweni kaNkulunkulu. Ngakho-ke ukwembulwa kukaBaba akuzange kuqale ekudalweni okwenzeka ngaphambi kokwembulwa kweTrinitari, kodwa kwaqala ekunikezweni komthetho. Ukwembulwa kweNdodana kwaqala ekuhlanganyeleni nomuntu (Incarnation) kwaphela ekuNyukeni (Ascension). Ukwembulwa koMoya oNgcwele kwaqala ekuphefumulelweni (inspiration) futhi kuqhubeka ekuvuseleleni nasekungcwalisweni. Uchaza ubudlelwano beTrinithe ngokufanisa uBaba nediski yelanga, uNdodana namandla alo okukhanyisa, uMoya Ongcwele nomthelela wawo wokufudumeza (bona futhi isifaniso sekhandlela ekuTrinithe yanamuhla). Uyaphika ukungapheli kokuvezwa kukaBaba kanye nokukaNdodana noMoya Oyingcwele. Wenza lezi zinto ezintathu zibe yizimangaliso zesikhashana ezigcwalisa umsebenzi wazo bese zibuyela ku-monad engokomqondo (bona Schaff, op. cit., amakhasi 581-583 ngomfundiso) . Lolu hlelo luzovela futhi emkhankasweni weNew Age luhlotshaniswa neProcess Theology. Luphikisana neSubordinationism efundiswa ama-Christian Unitarian abaphostoli nasebandleni lasendulo, ngama-Reformation Unitarian kanye nathi.

USchaff akazange abe qotho ngokuphelele ekuphatheni kwakhe izimfundiso zokuqala ezingeyona iTrinitarians. Usebenzisa igama elithi anti-Trinitarian sengathi bekukhona imfundiso yeTrinitarians, kanti bekungekho. ITrinity ayizange yamiselwa kuze kube iKhonsili yaseConstantinople ngo-381 futhi ayizange iqinisekiswe kuze kube iKhonsili yaseChalcedon ngo-451, lapho amanye amasonto abalulekile ehlukanisa ubumbano namaTrinitarians. Akasho lezi zinkolo noma itheology yabavikeli bokuqala eyayiyi-Unitarian yesubordinationist. U-Irenaeus ubalulekile ngoba uyena osiseduze kakhulu nentheology yokuqala kaJohane noPolycarp ngokuchaza. Imibhalo yomlando yeTrinitarian, noma yabe amaProtestanti noma amaKatolika, ivame ukungavumi le theology, okuyiphikisa.uSchaff usebenzisa igama elithi Unitarianism ngencazelo yalo ebanzi kakhulu, njengoba lihlelwe ngamaTrinitarians, ukuze afihle izingxabano zangempela phakathi kwala maqembu amabili kusukela ngekhulu le-15. Ngaphansi kohlelo olujwayelekile lwamaUnitariyani, amaTrinitarians azama ukubeka inhlanganisela ejwayelekile yamaModalists noma amaMonarchians kanye nabangaphambili babo amaPatripassians ndawonye nama-Adoptionists, amaMelchisedekians, kanye namaJuda namaSulumane, kanye nama-Unitarian abuKristu ababangela lesi simemezelo.Lokhu kufihla inhloso yokuqala yegama. Kuyiqiniso kakhulu ukubheka laba njengamaMonotheists kanti ama-Unitarians njengesigaba esincane seMonotheism. Nokho, lokhu bekuzosusa ngokusobala amaTrinitarians ngakho-ke akusetshenziswa.

CONCORDIAS

HECHAS, Y FIRMADAS

entre la jurisdicion Real, y

el Santo Oficio de la

Inquisicion.

IZIMISELWANO, IMISEBENZI NEZIMISELO ZOKUBUSA ZOKWAMBALA, NEHOVISI ELINGCWELE LOKUQONDISA INKOLO

eValencia, 1568 (iqoqo lombhali).

UMYALELO WENKOLO

"Thina uDokotela Andres de Palacio, uMqondisi weNkolo oMphikisi wokuphambuka enkolweni nasekuphambukeni kobu-apostola edolobheni nasembusweni waseValencia, njll.

"Kubo bonke abakholwa bamaKhrestu, amadoda nabesifazane, abashumayeli, amafrayera nabaphristi bazo zonke izimo, izinga nezikhundla; ukunaka kwabo kulokhu kuzoholela ekusindisweni eNkosini yethu uJesu Kristu, ukusindiswa kweqiniso; abazi ukuthi, ngenxa yeminye imithetho nezigwebo zabaphathi be-Inkosi ehloniphekile, abangaphambili bethu, baxwayiswe ukuze bavele phambi kwabo, phakathi nesikhathi esinqunyiwe, baveze futhi baveze izinto abazibonile, abazazi, futhi bezwa noma ngubani, noma ngabe esaphila noma eshonile, okwake kwathiwa noma kwenziwa okuthile okuwuphikisana neNkolo Engcwele YamaKatolika; bekhulisa futhi begcina umthetho kaMose noma inkolo yamaSulumane, noma imikhuba nemicimbi yayo; noma benza izono ezahlukahlukene zobuheretiki; begcina ubusuku bokulungisa izidlo zangoMgqibelo; begqoka izingubo zabo zangasese ezihlanzekile ngoMgqibelo futhi begqoka izingubo ezingcono kunalezo abazigqoka ngezinsuku ezijwayelekile; belungiselela ngoLwesihlanu ukudla kweMgqibelo ezitsheni zokupheka kancane emlilweni omncane; abangasebenzi ngoLwesihlanu kusihlwa nangeMgqibelo njengasezinye izinsuku; abavuselela izibani ezihlanzekile ngezintambo ezintsha ngoLwesihlanu kusihlwa; bafaka amalinen ahlanzekile emibhedeni namathawula ahlanzekile etafuleni; bagubha umkhosi wesinkwa esingenamvubkolanga, badla isinkwa esingenamvubkolanga, iselereli kanye nezitshalo ezibabayo; bagcina ukulambela kwesixolelo (Usuku Lokuxolisa) lapho bengadli usuku lonke kuze kube kusihlwa ngemva kokuphuma kwezinkanyezi, lapho besixolelanayo futhi bephula ukuzila kwabo; futhi ngendlela efanayo bagcina ukuzila kukaNdlovukazi Esther, kwe-tissabav, ne-rosessena; abathandaza ngokomthetho kaMose, bemi phambi kodonga, begudlukela phambili nangemuva, futhi bethatha izinyathelo ezimbalwa emuva; abanikela ngemali yamafutha ethempelini lamaJuda noma kwenye indawo eyimfihlo yokukhuleka; ababulala izinkukhu ngokomthetho wamaJuda, futhi bagwema ukudla izimvu noma yiziphi ezinye izilwane eziyi-trefa; abangafuni ukudla inyama yengulube enosawoti, izimvu zasendle, izimvu zasendle ezincane, izinkunzi zomhlaba, noma izinhlanzi ezingenasikhumba; abageza imizimba yabafileyo babo bese bebaphonsa emhlabathini omusha ngokwesiko lamaJuda; abangadli inyama kodwa izinhlanzi namaqanda abilisiwe eqinile endlini yokuzila, behlezi etafuleni eliphansi; abahlukanisa ingcezu yenduku yokubhaka bese beyiphonsa emlilweni; abangaba, noma bazi abanye abagonywayo; ababiza amadimoni, futhi bebaphatha ngenhlonipho efanele uNkulunkulu; abathi umthetho kaMose muhle futhi ungabapholisa; abenza nezinye izinkonzo nemikhosi efanayo; abathi uNkosi wethu uJesu Kristu wayengeyena uMesiya wangempela othembiswe eBhayibhelini, futhi wayengeyena uNkulunkulu wangempela noma iNdodana kaNkulunkulu; abaphika ukuthi wafa ukuze asindise isintu; baphika ukuvuka kwakhe kwabafileyo nokunyukela kwakhe ezulwini; bathi uNkosikazi wethu uMariya oNgcwele wayengengumama kaNkulunkulu noma umakoti ongcwele ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwakhe nangemva kwalokho; abathi futhi baqinisekisa nezinye iziphambeko eziningi zobuheretiki; abathi lokho abakuvumile phambi kwabahloli be-Inkosi kwakungeyona iqiniso; abakhipha izingubo zabo zokuzithoba futhi bengahlali ejele noma benze ukuzithoba okubekwe kubo; abathi izinto ezihlambalaza ukholo lwethu olungcwele lwamaKatolika kanye nezikhulu ze-Inkosi; noma abathonya noma ubani umangali ongase abe edonswe ebuKhatolikeni ukuze angaguquki; abathi iSakramente Elingcwele le-Altari akuyona ngempela umzimba negazi likaJesu Kristu uMsindisi wethu, nokuthi uNkulunkulu akanakuba khona yonke indawo; noma yiliphi iphristi elibamba leli qondo elilimazayo, elifundayo futhi eligubha iMisa, angakhulumi amazwi angcwele okugcoba; ethi futhi ekholelwa ukuthi umthetho kaMahomet nemikhuba nemicimbi yawo imihle futhi ingaletha ukusindiswa kwabo; abathi impilo iwukuzalwa nokufa kuphela, futhi awekho ipharadesi noma umlilo wesihogo; futhi bathi ukubolekisa ngenzalo akusona isono; uma noma ubani owesilisa umkakhe esaphila eshada futhi, noma owesifazane eshada futhi ngenkathi umyeni wakhe wokuqala esaphila; uma noma ubani eyaziyo labo abagcina amasiko amaJuda, bebiza izingane zabo ngobusuku besikhombisa ngemva kokuzalwa kwazo nangesiliva negolide etafuleni, bejabulela umkhosi wamaJuda; futhi uma noma ubani eyaziyo ukuthi lapho umuntu efile, bafaka inkomishi yamanzi nekhandlela elivutha kanye nezindwangu zokuhlanza lapho umuntu oshonile ashona khona, futhi izinsuku ezimbalwa abangangeni lapho; uma kukhona owaziyo ngomzamo wamaJuda noma wongamukeli, ukushumayela ngemfihlo umthetho kaMose nokuguqula abanye kule nkolo, ukufundisa imikhosi ehlobene nayo, ukunikeza imininingwane mayelana nezinsuku zemikhosi nezinsuku zokuzila, ukufundisa imithandazo yamaJuda; uma kukhona owaziyo ngomuntu ozama ukuba uJuda, noma ongumKristu ogibela ngaphandle egqoke izingubo zamaJuda; uma kukhona owaziyo ngomuntu, oguqukile noma cha, oyalela ukuthi ingubo yakhe yenziwe ngelaphu lokwakha (canvas) hhayi ngelineni, njengoba amaJuda alungile enza; uma kukhona owaziyo labo abathi, lapho izingane zabo zibanga izandla zabo, babeka izandla zabo emakhanda ezinganeni ngaphandle kokwenza Isibonakaliso (seSiphambano); noma abathi, ngemva kwesidlo sasemini noma sasebusuku, basibusise iwayini bese belidlulisela kubo bonke abasezihlalweni zetafula, lesi sibusiso esibizwa ngokuthi veraha; uma kukhona owaziyo ukuthi kunoma yiliphi ikhaya, abantu bahlangana ngenhloso yokwenza imisebenzi yenkolo, noma bafunde emabhayibhelini wendabuko noma benze ezinye izinkonzo zamaJuda, futhi uma kukhona owaziyo ukuthi lapho umuntu ezohamba uhambo, kunezisho ezithile zomthetho kaMose ezikhulunywa kuye, bese kubekwa isandla ekhanda lakhe ngaphandle kokwenza Isibonakaliso (seSiphambano). Futhi uma kukhona owaziyo nganoma ubani owake wavuma inkolo kaMose, noma belinde ukuza kweMeshiya, besho ukuthi uMsindisi wethu uJesu Kristu akakafiki nokuthi manje u-Eliya wayezofika abathathe baye ezweni elithembisiwe; futhi uma kukhona owaziyo ukuthi umuntu othile wazenza sengathi ungene esimweni sokucwilela emoyeni wahamba ezulwini nokuthi ingelosi yamholela emikhakheni eluhlaza yamatshalane yamtshela ukuthi yilowo izwe elithembisiwe eligcinelwe bonke abaguqukayo u-Eliya ayezoxosha ekuboshweni ababephila kukho; futhi uma kukhona owaziyo ukuthi abanye abantu bangabantwana noma abazukulwane babagwetshiwe, futhi bengafaneleki, basebenzisa izikhundla zikahulumeni, noma baphatha izikhali noma bagqoke isilika nezingubo ezinhle , noma ukuhlobisa izingubo zabo ngegolide, isiliva, amapherele noma ezinye izimbiwa eziyigugu noma ikhorali, noma ukusebenzisa noma yini enye abavinjwe futhi abangavunyelwe ukuba nayo; futhi uma kukhona owaziyo ukuthi abantu abathile banazo noma babe nezimpahla ezibanjwe, ifenisha, imali, igolide, isiliva, noma ezinye izingcezu zobucwebe ezingezabo labo abagwetshiwe ngenxa yokuphambuka enkolelweni, okumele zilethwe phambi komamukeli wezimpahla ezithathwe ngenxa yecala lokuphambuka enkolelweni. —Zonke lezi zinto, enizibonile, enizizwile noma enizazi, nina, amaKristu athembekile ashiwo ngenhla, ngenhliziyo enqikazayo, enqabile ukuziveza nokuziveza obala, okubeke umthwalo omkhulu nokulimaza imiphefumulo yenu; nicabanga ukuthi nixolelwe ngama-bulls namaindulgences akhishwe nguyise wethu ongcwele, nangezithembiso neminikelo eniyenzile, ngenxa yazo nihlangabezane nesigwebo sokuxoshwa esontweni nezinye izijeziso ezinzima ngaphansi komthetho; ngaleyo ndlela ningabhekwa njengalabo abaxoshwe esontweni futhi njengabasekeli bama-heretiki ngezindlela ezahlukene; kodwa, njengoba sifisa ukusebenza ngomusa, nokuthi imiphefumulo yenu ingabhubhi, ngoba iNkosi yethu ayifuni ukufa komuntu onecala kodwa ifuna ukuguqulwa nokuphila kwakhe; ngalesi simemezelo, siyakhipha futhi simise isigwebo esamenyezelwa ngabaphandi baphambilini kini, inqobo nje uma nigcina futhi nilandela imigomo yalesi simemezelo sethu, ngaso esidinga, sikhuthaza futhi siyalela ngenhlonipho engcwele, nangaphansi kwesijeziso sokuxoshwa ngokuphelele, phakathi nezinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye kusukela ngesikhathi lesi simemezelo sifundwe kini noma saziswa ngaso nganoma iyiphi indlela, ukuthi nitshele konke enikwaziyo, okubonile, okuzwile, noma okuzwe ngayo nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngezinto nemikhosi okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla, nokuba uvele phambi kwethu mathupha ukuze uchaze futhi uveze lokho okubonile, okuzwile, noma okuzwe ngokuyimfihlo, ngaphandle kokukhuluma ngaphambilini nanoma ubani omunye, noma ukufakaza amanga ngokumelene nanoma ubani. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngemuva kokuphela kwalesi sikhathi, lapho izixwayiso zenkolo seziphindwe ngokomthetho, kuzothathwa izinyathelo zokukhipha nokumemezela isigwebo sokuxoshwa esontweni ngokumelene nawe, kulezi zincwadi; futhi ngalokho ukuxoshwa esontweni, siyalela ukuthi umemezwe obala; futhi uma, ngemva kwesikhathi esengeziwe sezinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye, uqhubeka nokuphikisa kwakho nokungahloniphi isigwebo sokuxoshwa, uzosuswa ebuhlotsheni benkolo, usolwe, ushokobeziwe, uhlukaniswe, futhi uhlukaniswe njengomlingani kaSathane, ekubeni yingxenye nokubandakanywa ebandleni elingcwele loMama, kanye nasezakramenteni zalo. Futhi siyalela abavikari, abaphathi bezindlu zenkonzo, abachaplain, nabasacristani nanoma yimuphi omunye umuntu wenkolo noma webandla ukuba babheke futhi baphathe labo abashiwo ngenhla njengabaxoshwe ebandleni futhi abathukuthele ngokuthola intukuthelo nokucasuka kukaNkulunkulu Onamandla Onke, kanye noMama wakhe oNgcwele uMariya, kanye nezithunywa ezibusisiwe uPetru noPhawuli, kanye nabo bonke abangcwele beNkantolo yaseZulwini; futhi kulabo abaphikisi nabangamelanga abafihla iqiniso mayelana nalezi zinto ezishiwo ngenhla, mababhekane nazo zonke izifo nezisole ezahlasela futhi zehlela uMbusi uFaro nempi yakhe ngenxa yokungaziphenduli imiyalo kaNkulunkulu; futhi isigwebo esifanayo sokuxoshwa ngokomoya sibe kubo njengoba sasibhekene nabantu baseSodoma naseGomora abashabalala bonke emalangabini; kanye no-Athan no-Abiron abagayelwa phansi emhlabeni ngenxa yezono ezinkulu abazenzile ngokungaziphathi nokuvukela uNkosi wethu uNkulunkulu; futhi mabathukwe ekudleni nasekuphuzeni, ekuphaphameni nasekulaleni, ekufikeni nasekuhambeni. Mabathukwe ekuphileni nasekufeni, futhi mababeqinile njalo ezonweni zabo, nosathane abe isandla sabo sasekunene njalo; umsebenzi wabo ube yisono, nezinsuku zabo zibe zincane futhi zimbi; ingcebo yabo ijabulelwe abanye, izingane zabo zibe izintandane, nezinkosikazi zabo zibe izifazane ezingamukeli. Zingane zabo zihlale zidinga, futhi kungabikho muntu ozobasiza; bakhishwe emakhaya abo izimpahla zabo zithathwe ngababolekisi bezimali; futhi bangatholi muntu onomusa kubo; izingane zabo zibhujiswe futhi zixoshwe, namagama abo nawo; futhi ububi babo bube njalo bukhunjulwe engqondweni kaNkulunkulu. Izitha zabo mazibanqobe futhi bazisuse konke abanakho emhlabeni; futhi baphambuke besuka emnyango baya emnyango bengatholi usizo. Imithandazo yabo iguqulwe yaba izifungo zokuthuka; futhi makusolwe isinkwa newayini, inyama nenhlanzi, izithelo nokunye ukudla abakudlayo; kanjalo nezindlu abahlala kuzo nezingubo abazigqokayo, izilwane abagibela kuzo namabhedi abalala kuwo, namatafula namasela abadla ngawo. Makabathukwe uSathane noLucifer nazo zonke izipoki ezisegehena, futhi laba babe ngabaphathi babo, bahlale bebaphathela ebusuku nasemini. Amen. Futhi uma noma ubani othola lezi zixoshwa nezifungo zokuhlambalaza, eqhubeka nazo unyaka wonke, mababhekwe njengabaphikisi benkolo, futhi bamangalelwe ngenqubo efanayo neyokusebenziswa kubaphikisi benkolo noma abasolwa ngecala lobuphikisi benkolo.

Inikezwe ngomhla ka-_____ Mashi, ngonyaka weNkosi yethu uNkulunkulu, inkulungwane namakhulu ayisihlanu neshumi nambili."

Akekho ongashukumisayo ngaphansi kwesijeziso sokuxoshwa esontweni.

(Enye into: Akusizi lutho ukuzivuma okwenziwe kumpristi ukuze kutholakale ukuxolelwa esigwebo sokuxoshwa esontweni umheretiki angase abhekane naso, kusukela ngesikhathi icala lenziwa.)(Futhi: Bonke abazi noma yini ngezinto ezishiwo kulesi simemezelo samanje, noma ngezinye izimfundiso eziphikisayo, abangaveli baveze futhi bamemezele, bayaxoshwa ebandleni ngalokhu futhi abavunyelwe ukuxolelwa ngabafundisi babo.)

El doctor De Mandato sue

Palacio, inquisidor. Reverende paternitatis,

Petrus Sorell, notarius.